j SCIENTIFIC NOTES ON ESSENTIAL OILS. ae 
2,22 to 5,91; ester v. after acetylation 23,25 to 32,04. The oil contained traces of furfurol 
(colour reaction), about 20 p.c. of J-a-pinene (nitrolpiperidine, m.p. 119°), 51 p.c. 
]-8-pinene (nopinic acid, m. p. 126°; nopinone semicarbazone, m. p. 188,5°), 12 p.c. 
dipentene (tetrabromide, m. p. 124°; dihydrochloride, m. p. 50°), 8 p.c. /-borneol (oxidation 
to-camphor), combined acetic and higher my acids, as well as some high-boiling 
bodies of a green colour. 
Schorger also examined the oil from the cones of Pinus Lambertiana. It is a 
light green oil of the b. p. 159,5 to 290°. Yield 0,318 p.c.; diso 0,8692; %px0 — 23,18°; 
Mpiso 11,4771; acid v. 0,63; ester v. 3,75; ester v. after acetylation 17,04. It contains 
traces of furfurol (colour reaction), 22 p.c. l-¢-pinene (nitrolpiperidine, m. p. 116°), 
21 p.c. l-camphene (conversion to isoborneol, m.p. 211 to 212°), 39 to 40 p.c. J-8-pinene 
(nopinic acid, m. p. 126°; nopinone semicarbazone, m. p. 188 to 188,5°), 4 to 5 p.c. 
dipentene (dihydrochloride, m.p. 49 to 50°) and 1 p.c. of a high-boiling body, possibly 
a sesquiterpene. 
Finally, Schorger*) published a paper on the oils from the needles and twigs of 
Pinus Sabiniana, Dougl., P. contorta, Loud., and Abies magnifica, Murr. 
Whereas the turpentine oil from Pinus Sabiniana consists in the main of n-heptane; 
the oil obtained from the needles and twigs of this tree (yield of 0,078 to 0,102 p.c.) 
contains chiefly terpenes, and only 3 p.c. of heptane, recognized by its properties: 
b. p. 98,5 to 101°; dis. 0,7013. The oil had the following constants: dis0 0,8517 to 0,8566; 
& 20 — 20,93 to — 38,36°; npi0 1,4670 to 1,4708; acid v. 1,41 to 2,05; ester v. 6,/7 to 
11,98; ester v. after acetylation 25,860 to 37,16. The contents are about 59 p.c. of 
l-a-pinene (nitrolpiperidine, m. p. 117°), 18 p.c. U-limonene (tetrabromide, m. p. 104°) 
and about 3 p.c. of a green oil of a b. p. 205 to 290°. In addition, a saponified 
fraction of the b. p. 206 to 235°, upon oxidation, yielded anisic acid (m. p. 154°), 
which points to methylchavicol. 
The oil from the twigs and needles of Pinus contorta Medeecole pine) was obtained 
by Schorger to the extent of 0,234 p.c.: dis0 0,8690; ¢p —17,84°; npis0 1,4831; acid v. 0,9; 
ester v. after acetylation 32,3. He proved the ayaa of traces of torture! (reaction 
with aniline hydrochloride), about 3 p.c. /-«-pinene (nitrolpiperidine, m. p. 118°), about 
6 p.c. -camphene (conversion into zsoborneol, m. p. 205 to 207°), 19 p.c. /-phellandrene 
and dipentene (nitrite, m. p. 102°; dihydrochloride, m. p. 49°) and 7 p.c. cadinene 
(hydrochloride, m.p. 117 to 118°; hydrochloride rotated to the left, cadinene to the 
right). A fraction of the b. p. 205 to 235°, when oxidized, yielded an oil smelling 
strongly of camphor and anisic acid (m. p. 183 to 184°). Presumably borneol and 
methylchavicol are therefore also present in the oil. 
From twigs and needles of Abies magnifica (red fir), Schorger obtained 0,154 p.c. of 
a light green oil of a pungent, unpleasant odour. di50 0,8605; ¢p — 16,70°; np150 1,4861; 
acid v. 0,75; ester v. 9,93; ester v. after acetylation 36,22. There were present: traces 
of furfurol (aniline hydrochloride reaction); about 18 p.c. of J-8-pinene (nopinic acid, 
m. p. 126 to 127°); 52 p.c. l-phellandrene (nitrite, m. p. 102 to 103°); 7,5 p.c. /-borneol 
(oxidation to camphor) and about 13 p.c. of a green oil of a b.p. 255 to 260°. 
Some time ago we too were in a position to examine various American pine- 
needle oils, received from our New York branch office. Unfortunately only small 
quantities had been placed at our disposal, so that all we could do was to prove the 
presence of the more important constituents. 
1) Journ. Ind. Eng. Chemistry 7 (1915), 24. 
