. ee 
’ 
48 _ REPORT OF SCHIMMEL & Co. OCTOBER 1914/ APRIL 1915. 
parts of the United States contain sufficient turpentine to make distillation an ad- 
-vantageous proposition. Under favourable circumstances a cord (4000 Ibs.) of yellow 
pine wood yields 25 gallons of wood turpentine oil. — 
In a detailed publication M. C. Whitaker and J. S. Bates*) report on the chemical 
exploitation of southern pine waste. Most of the waste wood comes from the longleaf 
southern pine (Pinus palustris, Mill.), which tree supplies more than one quarter of the 
timber used in the United States. The most important parts of Pinus palustris are ° 
its gum and the wood itself. The yield in gum is rather variable, but its composition 
is fairly constant. It contains about 20 p.c. of volatile oil (crude turps) which yields 
from 60 to 80 p.c. of turpentine oil and from 20 to 40 p.c. of heavier oils. The latter 
are called by the collective name of pine oil. ; 
One tree will supply about 35 p.c. of saw dust, waste wood, &c. Slabs, 7.e. waste 
wood with its bark, are to be had in large quantities and are a convenient raw 
material. 
In their experiments the authors treated waste wood (in the form of chips) with 
diluted alkalis and steam, in order to obtain the rosin and the turpentine oil. In this 
process they studied the influence of disintegration of the wood, and also considered 
many other factors which would carry us too far to mention here. The turpentine 
oil produced by them is free from the unpleasant by-odour of the oils obtained by 
dry distillation. 
The further working-up of the wood according to the various methods tried by 
the authors need not be mentioned in this Report, as in the course of said treatment 
no more volatile oil was obtained. 
Finally we may allude to a paper by M. Toch?) on the chemistry of pine oil. 
As was mentioned above, the heavy oil is meant which is obtained in the fractionated 
distillation of wood turpentine oil produced by steam distillation. The density of the 
above-mentioned oil is: dis,50 0,9291 to 0,9583. 
According to A. Hellstrom®*) the yield of pure turpentine oil in the pulp factories 
which work up saw mill waste (about 70 p.c. of pine and 30 p.c. of fir cuttings, &c.) 
amounts to about 5 kilos per ton of cellulose. If, after separating the turpentine oil, 
the condensation product of the digestors is worked up for methyl alcohol after Berg- 
strém’s process, a little more turpentine, contained in the condensation-product in the 
form of an emulsion is obtained, which is given as amounting to 0,54 kilo of pure — 
turpentine oil per ton of cellulose. The older the sulphate turpentines are, the more 
are the badly smelling parts condensed and oxidized. Such oils may be separated 
from the resinous parts by distillation, and easily purified with sulphuric acid. 
On a previous occasion*) we pointed out that products such as the above- 
named should not be called turpentine oils. The designation “turpentine oil” must be 
reserved for the distillate derived from steam-distillation of gum turpentine. According © 
to P. Klason’) the essential oil obtained in the digestor at the termination of the 
process of manufacturing sulphite cellulose consists of about 95 p.c. of cymene. 
A waste product collected when blowing off the digestors in the manufacture of — 
wood-pulp from spruce-pine wood, is described on page 83 of this Report. 
1) Journ. Ind. Eng. Chemistry 6 (1914), 289. — 2) Journ. Soc. chem. Ind. 38 (1914), 576. — Journ. Ind. 
Eng. Chemistry 6 (1914), 720. — 8) Papierfabrikant 12 (1914), 1025; Zeitschr. f. angew. Chem. 28, Il. (1915), 47. — 4 
4) Report April 1905, 80; October 1905, 67, 69. — *) Comp. Report April 1901, 67. 
