38 REPORT OF SCHIMMEL & Co. OCTOBER 1915. 
turpentine oil to Europe, all efforts on the part of the southern States will be in vain. 
In the iong run the reduction in production is bound to raise prices to their old level, 
the more so as the quiet summer trade is now past. On the New York Exchange 
prices have reached 41'/2 cents a gallon in the course of a fortnight, and in Savannah 
381/2 cents. But no illusions are entertained in the American markets and no improve- 
ment of the unsatisfactory state of the naval stores industry need be looked for as 
long as the war lasts. 
A new Law regulating the trade of turpentine and rosin has been promulgated in 
Florida). The chief point laid down is that the sale of turpentine is only permitted 
in vessels on which the nature of the contents is distinctly marked. At the same 
time the designation “spirits of turpentine” shall only be applied to the pure and 
unadulterated oil distilled from “gum” or “scrape” of the pine-tree, and the designation 
of “wood spirits of turpentine” to all other oils or distillates resembling spirits of 
turpentine, or being used as a substitute, and obtained in a direct or indirect manner 
by distillation of the wood or any raw material other than pine resin (gum). If these 
two articles are adulterated or mixed with any other ingredient, they are to be labelled 
“adulterated”. Contraventions are punished with a fine of § 1000.—, or imprisonment 
not exceeding one year, or both, at the discretion of the Court. Even the purchase of 
improperly labelled turpentine will be punished. ‘Rosin’ must not be packed together 
with any other article than pure pine-tree rosin, and it should not be packed in such 
a way as to make it appear as though the vessel contained a better grade than is 
really contained in it. As regards classification, the standard types, as laid down by 
the Department of Agriculture in Washington, shall be used’). By the signature of 
the State Governor this Law came in force on the 10th of June. 
Turpentine oil from Pinus. clausa. A short pine occurs in Florida, Pinus clausa, 
Sarg (Coniferae) which is called sand pine. Its turpentine yields 18.93 p.c. of volatile 
oil on which Schorger has published a report®). diso 0.8724; %p20 — 22.659; npss50 1.4768. 
It contains 10 p.c. of J-a-pinene (nitrolpiperidide, m. p. 119°), 10 p.c. of /-camphene 
(conversion to zsoborneol, m. p. 207 to 209°) and 75 p.c. /-8-pinene (nopinone semicar- 
bazone, m. p. 189°). The /-8-pinene is readily isolated from this oil in the pure state. 
D. E. Tsakalotos*) describes the properties of two authentic samples of Greek 
turpentine oil from Pinus halepensis, Mill. They consisted almost entirely of d-«-pinene. 
The properties of these oils, distilled in 1907 and 1914 respectively, were as follows: 
b. p. 155 to 156°; des. 0.8545 and 0.8543 to 0.8546; [@]p + 47.9 and + 46.8 to 47.2°; 
Np»s0 1.4635 and 1.4636 to 1.4638. 
On page 81 of the second volume of the work Die ditherischen Ole (2"4 ed. by 
E. Gildemeister), the origin and manufacture of Russian turpentine oil has been amply 
described. A further contribution to the subject is found in the report of the Russische 
Technische Gesellschaft for 1914, in which A. Kind describes turpentine oil manufacture 
in Russia®). He distinguishes between two processes: 1. distillation by steam of the 
product of tapping pine tree trunks. The distillate is called Sierny turpentine oil or 
essential turpentine oil. 2. Dry distillation of the wood in furnaces; the raw material — 
1) Zeitschr. f. angew. Chem. 28 (1915), Hl 469. — %) Comp. ibidem 341, 417. — 4) Journ. Ind. Eng. 
Chemistry 7 (1915), 321. — 4) Journ. de Pharm. et Chim. VII. 11 (1915). After a reprint kindly placed at our 
disposal. — 5) Oil and Colour Trades Journal of the 10th and 15th of April, 1915; WHarbenztg. After Sezfen- 
sieder Ztg. 42 (1915), 645. 
