’ have been a success. 
te 4902 a Moersoidnon: was" formed foe the: sproducnoa ate 
chemical solvent. The seat of the enterprise was Pasadena and f 
this period ite National City plant started aoe again, but only for a short time. 
The Pasadena plant used the peel or skin of the fruit only, while the National — 
City factory used the lemon pulp principally. This was a mistake, for it influenced : 
.the success of both undertakings in an unfavourable manner, for a . consolidation would | 
have proved a benefit for both sides. Dib ceoet ee 
The Pasadena plant finally closed its doors canon: lack of capital and bad manage. : 
ment. It would seem that if this plant had been in the heart of the citrus fruit country — 
and not in Pasadena, to which all the fruit used in the plant was shipped, it ances 
j 
In 1904 a_-plant of considerable size was laid down in Redlands for the manufacture - 3 
of orange marmelade. About the same time, in Riverside, a plant for the manufacture 
of orange wine was built and a large quantity was made and storéd in the ie é 
where owing to lack of sale it was allowed to remain until slowly disposed of. The™ 
orange wine manufacture never paid because the peel containing the essential oil was 3 
discarded, only the pulp being used. Again in Riverside, and at about the same ee 
a plant was erected for making candied citrus fruit peel and after a short period of — 
Operation it closed its doors on account of lack of finances. Various other small — 
plants cropped up in Southern California, but all of them found some considerable _ 
drawback in the manufacture of citrus by-products. 
The Redlands factory continued to operate in a small way till 1913, although the 
plant was large enough to handle a considerable volume of fruit. The soreness = 
purchased the Pasadena plant and moved it to Redlands, where they manufactured” 
marmelade as well as essential oil, thus utilizing the whole fruit. z 
“ The National City plant was once again re-opened during this period aid failed = 
once more, for the fifth time. More recently a plant for manufacturing of citrate of 
lime and lemon oil was erected in Santa Ana and after a short spell of work it was y 
moved to Riverside where, owing to financial difficulties, it closed its doors. — ‘ 
At the present time there are three plants of considerable size: one at National — 
City, one at Riverside and one at Redlands, with about five other minor plants distri- 
buted throughout Southern California. =I 
The question naturally arises why, after fifteen years of continued effort, there is 
not yet a stable and satisfactory industry for the manufacture of citrus by-products. ¢ 
The author adduces three reasons: 1) the citrus fruit grower has only recently realized — 3 
the necessity for utilizing his waste fruit; 2) every new industry implies a considerable 
amount of pioneering work; 3) igeincence has been the characteristic of all attempts q 
4 
<3 
aa 
= 
made up to this time to utilize the whole culled fruit, which is the keynote of the matter. 
_ To carry on the manufacture of citrus by-products, five conditions must be con- — 
sidered: 1) the fruit must be cheap and of easy access: 2). the plant must consist of — rs 
economical and efficient machinery for the production on a large scale, by efficient Po 
process; 3) complete utilization of the fruit, so that there will be no waste; 4) con- — 2 
servative business management and ample capital; 5) a stable demand and ready sale 
for the manufactured products at paying prices. 
Chemical control of the factories has been introduced to but a small extent Gecag ae 
the promoters of most of the enterprises appeared to consider it superfluous or thought 4 
the money could be spent to better advantage for advertisement and other business — 
purposes. To show how desirable it would be for the United States to have a citrus 
