iger rass oi Has a. higher boili ing rete The action consisted 
C ppinene which was identified by its nitrolbenzylamine, m. p. 123°. As pinene 
dic oes mi belong to the constituents of gingergrass oil, the proof of its presence is also 
oe @ chemical an for the addition of turpentine oil. 
“O11 of Pariaean Hinoki wood. The Hinoki thee (Chamecyparis obtusata, S. et Z., 
.O. Pinacece) is largely cultivated in Japan and supplies a valuable timber; in tfie 
mountainous regions of Formosa it forms extensive virgin forests. From the wood 
So Uchida’) obtained 2.4 per cent. of an oil which in the crude state formed a reddish- 
_ brown, readily-mobile liquid possessing an empyreumatic odour. After rectification and 
treatment with dilute sodium carbonate solution it showed a density of disso 0.8821; 
[e]p + 50.37° (10 per cent. solution in chloroform) ; Npis.s0 1.4990. About 70 per cent. 
; of the oil consisted of d-a-pinene which was characterized by its hydrochloride and 
“ purified by its sublimation; m. p. 132.5 to 133.5°. The figures occurring in. literature, 
* viz., 125° (Wallach) and 131° (Long) Uchida considers incorrect. The oil also contains 
= about 24 per cent. of sesquiterpenes, of which cadinene was proved by the hydro- 
| chloride a p. 117 to 118°). The hydrobromide melted at 124 to 125°. 
a. 
Oi of Juniper. According to a communication published in the Sezfensieder- 
E Zeitung?) the farmers inhabiting the mountain districts of Norway, such as f.i. the 
 Anorsitzene, 11/2 miles from the station Myre, Gudbrandsdalen, carry on as a side-line 
_ the manufacture of juniper oil, (“Ener-Olie”) for which they receive Kr. 2. 15 for a bottle 
of about 5/1 litres capacity in the chemist’s shops. Apart from medicinal purposes the 
oil is also used in some places for the production of a beer-like beverage as well as 
-for gin. The distillation of the young shoots is carried out in a primitive way in two 
vats which are connected by two tubes. One of these vats, with perforated bottom, 
is filled with the juniper shoots and placed on a vessel containing boiling water, the 
_ other vat, filled with cold water, acts as condenser. 
As will be evident from this description, there can here be no question of the 
normal juniper oil, distilled from berries, but of a kind of juniper needle oil. No 
indications are given as regards the properties of the oil. — | 
Oil from the wood of Juniperus oxycedrus’). For the distillation the same © 
_ parts of the shrub were taken which ordinarily serve for the preparation of oil of cade, 
i. e., the lower parts of the stems, peeled but still covered by the bast (inner bark). 
Sater the wood had been comminuted, it was distilled in water over the naked fire 
“(the condensed water being returned to the still), and also oe water by passing 
a current of steam. — 
2 - The properties of the oe gs viscid, yellowish oil were: dis. 0.925 to 0.927; 
ap — 31.42°; boiling temperature between 260 and 300° (ordinary pressure), 73 per cent. 
of the oil distilled between 260 and 280°; it is soluble with slight turbidity in equal 
‘volumes of turpentine oil, light petroleum, or carbon disulphide, in twelve times its — 
volume of ethyl alcohol, fe in twenty times its volume of methyl alcohol. 
__ The oil content was 3.0, 2.67, and 1.8 per cent. respectively. These three figures 
are for the same wood, but the first two yields refer to water distillation, the last one 
to distillation by steam. It goes without saying that both kinds of distillation should 
4 *) Journ. Americ. Chem. Soc. 38 (1916), 699. — %) Seifensieder Ztg. 42 (1915), 785. — %) R. Huerre, 
Journ. de Pharm. et Chim. Vil. 12 (1915), -273. ~ 
ss ; 3 
