-§ 
Phe. ‘bottles. t 
bottles a white deposite is precipitated. 
the flow of resin decreases nosy on the =ceond day, if the ‘weather be “cool, Z 
-colophony and 600000 cwts. of turpentine oil. But little labour is required in. the. = 
ste eartains 3 38 per ce 
stops almost completely after three or four days. | 
Under full exploitation according to this process about 1120000 cwts. of Repent 2 
and a round 2 million cwts. of rosin (colophony) could be obtained annually in Germany. a 
The annual consumption of the German Empire is estimated at 1600000 cwts. of 
course of production, neither is there any lack of bottles of any kind and description ; 
to serve as collecting vessels. (2k: : 
That a similar process is being tried elsewhere is proved by a paper published _ 
by C. J. von Duthren*) which contains a description of resin production in the Maric 
districts, where bottles with bent neck are employed”). 3 
F. Henrich’*), in an article on the production of fir balsam (from Pinus sylvestris, [3% 
in the neighbourhood of Erlangen, points out that the collecting bottles are subject to 
wanton or thoughtless destruction in unguarded parts of the wood. Much ci : 
oil is lost owing to the old-fashioned method*) of collecting fir balsam in the pees a 
district. To start with, the lower part of the trunk is freed from the outer bark so 
that a smooth surface of new bark appears without the white inner bark being exposed. 
As the part of the tree worked in this manner becomes red, the operation is called 
“the reddening” of the trunk. At the base of the “reddened” strip a piece of about a 
12 cm. square is freed from the outer and inner bark, i.e. from the first layer of wood. 4 
With a special instrument the upper margin of this place is cut to a width of about 4 
1/2 cm., down to the depth of one to four annual rings, causing an indentation from — : 
the ducts of which turpentine flows. The piece of surface thus prepared, which covers 
itself with turpentine, is called “Harz-lachte”. It ends at its lower margin in a hollow 
which serves for collecting the gum and is called “Grandel”. It is cut at the base of 
the prepared piece of surface with a special instrument called “Grandel-Eisen” and 
should not be deeper than 5 to 7 cm. In order to increase the capacity of this “ 
éxcavation a piece of tin is fixed in front of the hole. According to the size of the , : 
trunk one or more of these holes are cut into the tree, but with a view to the free — 
circulation of the sap a piece of unaltered bark Surface should be left between the 
various excavations. The gum is removed from the holes daily by means of special - 
spoons. The wood of the last annual ring is cut afresh once or twice a week, the 
white surface being thus extended at the same time in an upward direction by about \ 
1 to 2 cm. In the course of a vegetation period it increases in a by about : 
30 to 40 cm. ; 
Henrich distilled 208 gr. of fir resin, the flow of one day, first with ordinary, “atid 
subsequently with superheated, steam. Very soon a strongly refractive liquid. smelling 
like turpentine passed over. After this flow had decreased the Florentine flask was — 
changed a first time and a second time when superheated steam was admitted % 
Fraction I (37 g.), fraction I] (13 g.) and fraction III (a few drops: only were thu ig 
1) Farbenztg. 20 (1915), 1366. — °%) See Gildemeister and Hoffmann, The Volatile oils, 2nd. a 
p.64. — %) Chem. Ztg. 40 (1916), 673. — +4) In similar manner Austrian (Neustadt) thepeniie is 
See Gildemeister and Hoffmann, The Volatile Oils, 24: ed., vol. II, p. 74. Fate ee 
