’ : a eS A ee ~ eee fee eT) a ae aeent 
oe eo 2. es ee ell endl sp: Mest ke rm: # Re ae oe = By & 
pe as Re gts eaten =: ee : o CRT are 
fae “t 
59 
She: uk ‘oil nok tie ies Biocathes, ae 0.8918; Fite 57.059. It contains 
~ sulphurous compounds on the nature of which nothing could. be ascertained with 
certainty. «-Pinene was established in a slightly dextrorotary fraction (--0.12°) of the 
_b. p. 165 to 170°, forming the chief constituent of the oil, by the preparation of nitroso- — 
chloride (m. p. 102°) and the hydrochloride (m. p. 123 to 124°). In a fraction, b. p. 177 
- to 185°, sylvestrene may possibly have been present. The colour reaction with acetic 
anhydride did not take place but a hydrochloride was formed, of which the author 
_ does not give the melting point, but of which he states that it did not agree exactly 
with the one of sylvestrene hydrochloride. The examination for cadinene of the 
- fraction b. p. 155 to 220° (18 mm.) produced no result, neither was it possible to prove 
_ the presence of substances of the pine tar oil kind by means of the Herzfeld tedeHiods) 
_ with sodium sulphite and sulphuric acid. ; 
= The rectified oil was nearly colourless. It had the following properties: deo 0.8717; 
_ ‘p20 = 128°. ee 
Pine tar oil, Galician. A few years ago K. Ihnatowicz’) published a treatise on 
Galician pine tar oil of which we give an abstract herewith from the manuscript which 
_ the author has kindly placed at our disposal. Galician pine tar oil, which is obtained 
_ in Nisko by dry distillation of fir waste wood (from Pinus silvestris, L.) possesses an 
acrid and penetrant odour anda reddish colour. Boiling point 155 to 186°; dis0 0.8828; 
@p + 21° 46’; np 1.47515; acid v. 6.61. On standing, the oil and to a particularly — 
_ large extent the parts having a b. p. 50 to 155°, separate a dark brown substance. 
The oil contains no phenols, but 5 per cent. of aldehydes and ketones. Freed from 
_ these constituents it possesses a mild and pleasant odour. Presumably there are also 
present acetic acid and small quantities of higher fatty acids. Distillation over potassium 
hydroxide and sodium was rendered very difficult owing to precipitation of brown 
 flocculent masses. Finally a fraction free from oxygen was obtained, b. p. 157 to 158° 
~ {dez0 0.8594; ap -+- 25° 48’; np 1.46757), consisting of d-e-pinene; nitrosochloride, m. p. 103°; 
_-nitrolpiperidide, m. p. 11003), The fraction b. p. 156 to 166° contains 6-pinene, identified 
by oxidation to nopinic acid (m. p. 128°). In a part boiling from 159.5 to 161.5° 
— (da20 0.8597; a, + 24° 51’; np 1.40811) camphene was proved by conversion to isoborneol 
~ (m. p. 211.5°). The eats boiling between 163 and 166° yielded a nitrolbenzylamine 
m. p. 121 to 122°, which points: to the presence of «-pinene. In conclusion Ihnatowicz 
- gives a few particulars on the “wood production of Galicia; 26.7 per cent. of the country | 
are covered by woods, 28.9 per cent. of these woods consisting of deciduous trees, 
_ 46.3 per cent. of pine and 24.8 of mixed forest. Pines and firs are to be found in the pine 
_ woods. Consequently an extensive production of turpentine oil and pine tar oil would be 
possible. Pine tar oil is produced casually only when parts of forest are cut down. Owing _- 
_ to the importation of Russian pine tar oil and of French and Austrian turpentine oil pine 
tar oil production has dwindled considerably, it only amounts to about 3000 ko. annually. 
; According to Berlinerblau. a single pine tree produces from 1.4 to 2.5 ko. of 
turpentine annually from which quantity 18 per cent. of oil can be obtained. Taking 
an average yield of but 10 per cent., Galicia could supply an annual output of 
; 1.800 000 ko. of turpentine oil. ee e ‘ 
sae the use of sen ou as a styptical remedy see page 107 of this Report. 3 
3 a See Gildemeister and Hoffmann, The Volatile Gils, 24. ed., vol. Il, p. 48. — 7) Czasoptsmo Techniczne 
1911, N° 23 and 24. — Chemik polski 1912, N° 12 to 19. — 4%) The melting point of pure pinene nitrolpiperidide 
‘is between 118 to 119°. 
