i . : ie baa 
; ene, and, peices the corrosive action of the latter 
- decreased by addition of thymol, although such a mixture, as has been 
) “ S not contain any compound. The authors explain, most likely with reason, 
> mild action of -camphor-phenol, in comparison with liquid carbolic acid, by the 
B fcence of water. 
They mention, besides, that Chlumsky himself sees the cause in the quick eva- 
- poration of the camphor. Kremann and his collaborators likewise seem to suppose 
2 _ that camphor escapes more quickly from the liquid mixture than phenol. The well- 
_ known: fact that camphor evaporates remarkably quickly, in spite of its high bp. of 
206. O° at a pressure of 760 mm., has a special reason, which may here be discussed 
_ for once. If two volatile bodies Be allowed to evaporate, the extent of the volatilization 
_ during a given time depends upon their b. pS’. and their surfaces exposed, as the eva- 
poration only takes place on the surface. If camphor be melted like the anhydrous 
3 _ phenol and made to solidify as a whole, one would find that phenol volatilized far 
more quickly, owing to its low b. p. of 181.4° C.; wiz., nearly twice as quickly according 
= the two curves of vapour pressure. eenerally, camphor presents itself as a rather | 
3 finely granular crystalline mass, the surface of which is many times as large as that 
3 of the melted and then congealed phenol, so that it will naturally volatilize more 
guickly. The conditions are quite different, however, for a mixture of camphor with 
phenol, which at room temperature forms a homogenous, viscous liquid, when there 
is no difference in the surfaces of the two components. The free bodies, being present 
_ in the solution in addition to the higher boiling compound, volatilize according to 
_ their partial pressures at the temperature of the surrounding air, for this is a case of 
the course of time, as Chlumsky presumes, but richer in camphor. The compound is 
not left unaffected either by the evaporation, for the solution of uncombined camphor, 
_uncombined phenol and compound is in a state of chemical equilibrium, which always — 
rebuilds itself by decomposition of parts of the compound, whenever the free com- 
"ponents escape. 
iad 
Botanical Notes. 
_ In an article by E. Gilg*), entitled Uber die Duftstoffe liefernden pioneer (“On plants 
~ yielding perfumes”) there are to be found notes of general interest concerning the 
_ production of aromatics, especially in the South of France, the formation and location 
_ of volatile oils in the plant, and the cultivation and the forms of vegetation of the 
aromatic plants. Besides, there are statistics. 
alti elas Weide 
Fung gus pecs of the grape-fr it tree. 
4 On pages 65 and 66 of our previous Report, we icone some ioe diseases 
of lemon and orange trees, in addition to which we would now mention another such 
disease, which has been observed on the Isle of Pines, south of Cuba. There is a 
large plantation there of citrus trees, mostly grape-fruit trees (Citrus decwmana, L.)®), 
covering 1200 acres. It was created in 1909, and already in 1914 it became necessary 
to consult a specialist in order to avoid the tremendous losses caused by the rotting 
) Deutsche Parf.-Ztg. 2 (1916), 116, 145, 173. — *) Citrus Pathological Laboratory, San Pedro, Isle of 
Pines, published by the San Pedro Growers Company, Columbus, Ohio, U. S. A. First annuai Report; 
_ Perfum. Record 6 (1915), 348. 
_isothermic evaporation. The mixture, therefore, does not become richer in phenol in 
