16 Sigurd Johnsen. 
These data tend to show that quite young individuals may 
occur at such great depths as 300—350 fathoms (550—650 metres) 
(stat. 13, 19@ and 200) and in the upper layers as well (stat. 
137). They are thus found in water of different nature, — in 
Atlantic as well as in Arctic water. 
It must be admitted that the species, as such, with its large 
horizontal distribution lives under various conditions in regard 
to temperature and salinity, even if the Mediterranean race is 
not taken into consideration. In the Atlantic M. glaciale is 
found to inhabit the proportionately warm and salt water to the 
north of abt. 35°—40° northern latitude, and also to follow it 
into areas where the Atlantic (“Gulf Stream”) character of the 
layers becomes more or less effaced. The species is obviously 
tolerant of a wide range of temperature. On the other hand it 
seems to me improbable that the species within a small area as 
the Faroe Channel normally lives under such different conditions 
as exhibited by stat. 19 in the *warm area” and stat. 20c in the 
“cold area”; this is especially the case with regard to the quite 
young stages. Therefore the “Research” hauls with closing-nets — 
otherwise the best method for investigations into these questions — 
must not be used without criticism, when establishing the bathy- 
metrical range of the species and its relation to temperature and 
salinity. When thus Holt & Byrne (1911 p. 16) give the 
lower limit of temperature as abt. 0° C. and Fowler (note to 
Holt (1898) p. 559) remarks that M. glaciale “appears to be 
essentially a cold-water form”” these conclusions are premature’). 
The investigations onboard the “Research” were carried out 
with a self-closing tow-net constructed by Dr. Fowler under 
1) Fowler bases his conclusion on the captures of the “Research” and 
finds it further supported by the following data:—The “Voringen” got three 
specimens from 1110 fathoms in the Norwegian Sea (Collett 1880 p. 112) 
By “Blake” (Goode & Bean 1883 p. 222) it was taken at considerable 
depths off the coast of New England and South Carolina “in the cold under- 
tow which passes under the Gulf Stream”. This material however, is taken 
by means of bottom-trawl and does not bear any evidence on the bathy- 
metrical range of a pelagic species or on the temperature of its surroundings, 
as the trawl has passed water-layers of another character than that which the 
bottom-temperature gives us indications of. Off the American coast M. glaciale 
has been captured also at the surface besides at numerous trawling-stations 
by the “Blake”, the “Fish Hawk” and the “Albatross” (Goode & Bean 
1898 p. 76—77). 
