KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANLIDNGAR. BAND 50. N:0 3. 93 



(30), p. 377: »Toute la partie aérienne des pousses s'éteint au debut de la mauvaise 

 saison; reste seule en vie la partie tout å fait inférieure que protegé la terre et la 

 couche de particules végétales superposée; c'est elle qui produit ä fleur de terre les 

 bourgeons destinés å se développer, pendant la prochaine période vegetative,» . . / In my 

 paper on the Falklands of 1909, I did not use Raunkl^r's method, as I knew too 

 few of the species from personal experience, but at any råte I tried to divide the 

 flora into two natural groups: species that protect themselves against the winter by 

 meaus of special, ± bud-like shoots with short internodes and ± imbricate leaves, 

 and others, whicli do not take any special measures to meet the unfavourable season, 

 such as the cushion-plants and a number of others, among them both Ch and H 

 after Raunki.^r's nomenclature. Typical examples in the former group are found 

 among the rosette-plants, and I have made special observations on some of them. In 

 1909 I briefly described Gunnera magellanica, Oxalis enneaphylla and Primula ma- 

 gellanica; to these can be added Drosera uniflora, Lagenophora nudicaulis and Leuceria 

 suaveolens. In tliese species the innovations remain ± ball-shaped with flower-buds and 

 inner leaves protected by the outer and the whole bud surrounded by earth or vege- 

 table matter. Even in these cases half-open buds are found in the middle of the 

 winter, and a period of fine weather may cause them to start growing. With the 

 rest of the H, making up about one half of the flora, the rule is that, although 

 they are built up like H and have shoots that only live one year, their innova- 

 tions develop in the autumn and endure the winter w^ithout special proteo- 

 tion, in the shape of large, leafy shoots. Even these species are thus, to a 

 certain degree, evergreen, but at the same time there is no doubt about their being H 

 in Raunki^r's sense. On Pl. III, f. 1 I have figured Senecio candicans, an excellent 

 type of Falkland Hemicryptophytes. It reminds us of Raunki^r's figure of Ne- 

 peta latifolia {30, p. 387); the author remarks, that if the leafy shoots, developed in 

 the autumn, endure the winter, the plant behaves like a Chamsephyte. Thus, the 

 Falkland H really endure winter like Ch, and I cannot think but that the difference 

 between these classes are, in this special case, more morphological than biolo- 

 gical. I must emphasize once more the fact that the peculiarity of the vegetation 

 in the Falklands does not lie in the fact that the percentage of Ch or H is so and 

 so great, but in the circumstance that both of them are evergreen. But I fail to 

 see how we should express this by means of Raunki^r's biological spectrum. His 

 brilliant idea was to show how the plants, in different climates, survive the unfa- 

 vourable season. To show this, in our special case, it seems necessary to subdivide 

 both Ch and H, taking the evergreen species into consideration; if not we shall get 

 the same spectrum for Spitzbergen and the Falklands although they have a different 

 climate and different physiognomical character. I have come to just the same 

 conclasion as wiien dealing with South Georgia: that there is no climate that we 

 may call the Chamaephyte climate; in any case, it is rather the Austral one that 

 makes the entire stock of H endure winter like Ch, than the Boreal one that would 

 deserve such a name. 



^ Italicized be me. — See also Raunki^r's figure, p. 47 in ^Livsformen hos Planter paa ny Jord». 



