12 



GYLDENSTOLPE, BIRDS COLLECTED BY THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO SIAM. 



Copsyclm suularis L. 

 Citiocinda macrura Gm. 

 Uroloncha acuticauda Hodgs. 

 MotuciUa boarula melanope Pall. 

 Acthopyga cara Hume. 

 Ärachnothcra magna Hodgs. 



» longlrostris Lath. 



Chalcopciriu plmnicotis Temm. 

 SerUophus lunatus Gould. 

 Ficus cunus occipUalis Vigoks. 

 Hcmiccrcm cunentc Blyth. 

 Milllcnpicus pidverulcnUts haiierfi Hesse. 

 Cyanops cyanofis Godw. Aust. 

 Nydlornis uth('.rtho)H Jard & Selby. 

 Alccdo ispida hengalensis Gm. 

 Ilalcyoii pilcata Bodd. 

 iJicJioccros hicornis L. 

 Anfhracoccros albirosfris Shaw. & Nodder. 

 RInjtidoccros snhrtificoUis Blyth. 

 Cluctura glguntea indica Hume. 



Hurpadcs erythtocepJuäus Gould. 



» oreskios Temm. 



Endynumis honoratu L. 

 Wiopodytcs tristis liainunua Hakt. 

 Centropus sinensis Steph. 

 Loriculus vernalis Spakrm. 

 Glaucidium cuculoidcs Vigors. 

 Trcron nepalcnsls Hodgs. 

 Carpophaga cenea L. 

 Chalcophaps indica L. 

 Fuvo muticus L. 

 Volyphidi-um hicalcarutiis L. 

 Gallus ferrugineus Blyth. 

 Loplmra rufa Raffl. 

 Tropicoperdix diloropus Tick. 

 Amaurornis plicenicurus Först. 

 Phalucrocorax javanicas Horsf. 

 Ardcola hucdius Bp. 

 Diipctor flaiicollis Lath. 



The dry forests of Northern Siiam. 



A large area of Northern Siarn is covered by deciduous forests, which, during 

 the hot season, present a dry and scorched appearance. In Siamese these forests 

 are called »Pa Mai Benchapan», that is, in English, »the jungle of the five kinds 

 of trees». Such forests are generally of a more open, sometimes rather parkHke, 

 nature, though here and there mixed up with bamboo-thickets. The undergrowth 

 chiefly consists of high grass, which, during the winter months, becomes quite dry 

 and, together with the fallen leaves form a good material for the jungle fires, which 

 råge at this time of the year, then giving the whole country a desolate and inhospit- 

 able appearance. In the nights the fires could be seen as long glittering lines, slowiy 

 creeping up the sides of the hills until they were extinguished by the dew. In cer- 

 tain years the bamboos blossom and after that they die. The natives then put fire 

 to the snuff-dry thickets, which burn with the rattling noise of a modern quick- 

 firing gun. 



It might be anticipated that these forests would be a favourite place for dif- 

 ferent kinds of woodpeckers and this indeed was the case. I found the beautiful 

 Golden-backed woodpecker {Chrysocolaptes guttacr i status indo-malayicus Hesse.) vying 

 with the three-toed woodpecker {Tiga javanensis Ljung.). These two species are 

 very similar as to plumage, but they can be distinguished even at a distance Chry- 

 socolaptes guttacristatus indo-malayicus being larger. Both these birds are extremely 

 noisy and their shrill, penetrating notes often echoed through the forests. The 

 Black-naped Green woodpecker {Ficus canus occipitalis Vigors.) was also rather com- 

 mon, generally in small flocks of about four to five specimens. I sometimes observed 



