UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE | 
p MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION No. 318 
Washin¢gton, D. C. February 1939 
4-H CLUB INSECT MANUAL | 
By M. P. JONES, senior extension entomologist, Division of Cooperative ak 
% Extension, Extension Service* | 
CONTENTS baal 
Page Page Fill 
ImitnOductiOnes = ceateense= soe Ge ee oo 1 | Part II.—Life studies and control of insects... 43 hl 
WihyStudwainsects ies eae eee 2 iLifeistudicssa= = pakeee a ea ee 43 
Part I— Acquaintance with insects___________ 3 ControlotinsectSse see 43 
Collection and identification______________ 4 Collection and identification._____________ 44 
Calendar of activities, first year___________ 6 Calendar of activities, second year______-__ 46 
Activities for first year outlined__.________ 6 Activities for second year outlined________ 46 
Scientific names of insects________________ 11 Things to know about insects____.________ 52 
Further aids to identification._.._.________ 12 List of common insects_____-_-______- 54 ie 
Orthoptera (grasshoppers and others) - 13 Answers to questionnaire_____________ 55 hal 
Hemiptera (true bugs)_-______.-______ 15 | Part III.—Telling others about insects________ 57 
Homoptera (bugs) ---.--..-___________ 17 Collection and identification__.__.________ 57 
Coleoptera (beetles) __.....___________ 19 Calendar of activities, third year_________ 58 NI 
Lepidoptera (butterflies and others) __ 23 Pla yle tsa t2 3) Seno ie As re a 58 heh 
Miptera, (iies)\eea == sss. es 30 Demonstrations asa ee 59 | 
Hymenoptera (wasps and others) _____ 33 1 Ops 0] OT FS pe Sf a a BN GO oe 62 y 
Miscellaneous groups_-_---____--______ 37 SUEVG YS 2622 3US aees Saae oe a eee eee 62 ti} 
insectirecord!sheetsa---2=5- 2s ee 41 : 
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passin as er ae th i 
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: INTRODUCTION ) 
This insect manual was prepared primarily for the use of 4-H 
club members, but it also may be useful to other groups of young 
people. Its purpose is to give a better understanding of insects and 
the principles underlying insect control. 
The study of insects at camps affords an ideal way to introduce 
entomology. Under a competent leader who knows insects many 
interesting things can be pointed out, such as facts pertaining to 
insects in relation to other forms of life. Although this manual was | 
prepared primarily for a definite year-round project in entomology, alr 
it will be helpful at camps also. | 
In industrial sections of the country where use of leisure time is | 
becoming a problem, the study of insects and the making of insect 
collections afford an excellent pastime. The cost of equipment is 
small, and the insect supply is almost unlimited. In some places 
county fair boards and local chambers of commerce have provided 
money to be given as awards for commendable insect collections. | 
Although some insect collections have sold for large sums of money, 
such collections represent the lifetime jobs of the persons making 
1 Grateful acknowledgment is made to the Division of Insect Identification of the 
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine for selecting the list of representative hy, 
insects of the United States, for providing photographs or drawings of them, and for the abl, | 
outline of the story about each insect. The other subject-matter divisions of the Bureau 
reviewed all referentes to the biology and control of the insects listed. Acknowledgment 
is also made to the extension entomologists and 4-H club workers in the States who 
| 
offered suggestions that have aided in making this manual useful and workable, 
76088°—39 
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