4-H CLUB INSECT MANUAL 5 
HOMOPTERA.—Homos (same), pteron (a wing). Winged 
forms having four wings, front pair clear or leathery and longer 
~ and narrower than hind wings; wings folding rooflike over back. 
Mouth parts for piercing and sucking. Life changes incomplete. 
Aphids, cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, and scale insects. 
FicureE 4.— 
Plant louse. 
COLEOPTERA.—Coleos (sheath), pteron (a wing). Front 
wings leathery, fitting over hind part of body like a case, meeting 
in a straight line along center of back; hind wings clear, jointed in 
middle, folded under front wings when at rest. Mouth parts formed 
for chewing. Life changes complete. Ladybeetles, potato beetle, 
Ficurr 5.— leaf beetles, carpet beetles. 
Beetle. 
LEPIDOPTERA.—Lepis (scale), pteron (a 
wing). Four similar wings, when present, mem- 
branous, but covered with overlapping scales. 
Mouth parts for sucking. Life changes complete. 
Butterflies, moths, skippers. 
DIPTERA.—Dis (twice, from duo, meaning “two”’), 
pteron (a wing). Two clear wings; knobs in place of 
hind wings. Three distinct body regions. Mouth 
parts tubular, for sucking, piercing, or lapping. Life 
changes complete. Flies, mosquitoes, gnats. 
HYMENOPTERA. — Hy men (membrane), 
pteron (a wing). Four clear wings, when pres- 
ent; few wing veins; hind wings smaller than 
front wings and often hooked to them. Mouth 
parts for chewing. Abdomen often with slender 
waist, females of some kinds with stingers. Life 
changes complete. Wasps, ants, bees, sawflies. 
ODONATA.—Odous (a tooth). Four 
long, rather narrow wings, finely netted 
and either clear or banded, of equal or 
nearly equal size. Wings with a short, 
heavy cross vein and a slight notch along 
front side so that they look as if jointed. 
Large eyes, head loosely joined to long, 
narrow body; antennae short. Mouth 
parts for chewing. Nymphs living in wa- 
FIGURE 9.—Dregonfly. ter. Life changes incomplete. Dragon- 
flies, damsel flies. 
