a8 MISC. PUBLICATION 318, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
each forewing, as shown in the picture, and have a wing expanse 
of from 1 to 14% inches. They have sucking mouth parts but do not 
feed. The caterpillars feed during the sunny part of the day. In 
commercial orchards, the usual poison sprays control these insects, but 
where they are found elsewhere they may be controlled by carefully 
burning or otherwise destroying the nests or webs as soon as discovery 
is made. Some relief may be had by destroying the eggs during the 
winter, 
Grape leaf folder.—Around the grape arbor one often finds a very 
dark-brown moth with a wing expanse of nearly an inch. Two oval 
white spots appear on each forewing. This 
insect is called the grape leaf folder 
(Desmia funeralis). The larva is an ac- 
tive pale-green caterpillar that rolls and 
ties the leaves of wild and cultivated grapes 
and chews the leaves within the tie. There 
are two or three generations each year, de- 
pending on the locality. The insect over- 
winters in the pupal stage. It is necessary 
to spray grape leaves with poison to con- 
FIGURE 68.—Grape leaf folder. 
trol this pest. 
Codling moth.—How many times have you opened an apple and 
found a worm, half a worm, or a brown tunnel where the worm has 
been feeding? Even though many persons have seen the apple worm, 
few have seen the parent, which is called the codling moth. This 
moth is from about one-half to three-fourths of 
an inch in length. The four wings of the 
codling moth are folded leaflike over the back, 
and have numerous light- and dark-gray mark- 
ings. The moths lay their eggs on the leaves 
and fruit of several kinds of trees such as apple. 
pear, and quince. This insect has complete life 
changes, and there are from one to three gen- 
erations a year, depending on the locality and 
climatic conditions. The full-grown larvae overwinter in silken co- 
coons hidden in crevices in the bark of trees or in similarly protected 
places. This insect is the chief pest of apples. Spraying is used in 
its control, although sanitary measures will help to reduce the number 
of overwintering larvae. Scientists speak of the codling moth as 
Carpocapsa pomonella. 
Indian-meal moth.—Many housewives have be- 
come alarmed at the sight of a rather small moth, 
with 84-inch wingspread, around the house, not 
realizing that this little creature originated in the 
pantry or the granary and is the Indian-meal moth, 
the larvae of which feed on all manner of dried 
vegetable products, seeds, nuts, fruits, ete. In the 
household it frequently is found in corn meal or 
oatmeal. This moth can be distinguished from the 
*, clothes moth by the wings, the outer or hind part 
Figure 70.—Indian- being much darker in color than the fore part. The 
meal moth. larva i an y . bes . 
arva 1s a rather small white caterpillar, and almost 
all of the four life stages may be found any time of the year. This 
insect, which is called Plodia interpunctella, belongs to the order 
FIGURE 69.—Codling moth. 
