4-H CLUB INSECT MANUAL 35 
rather deeply into the wood to parasitize the larva of the pigeon 
horntail. There are many more insects 
in this group, but they have much 
shorter egg-laying appendages. This 
insect has complete life changes, as do 
all other Hymenoptera. 
Parasitic wasps.—Another of the 
group Hymenoptera or wasplike insects 
is E'phialtes pedalis. It is a parasite of 
other insects and therefore may be con- 
sidered beneficial. This insect is about 
one-half inch long, black, with four 
clear wings. The legs are brownish _ ese 
red except for the hind tibiae and |. 
tarsi, which are black. The tibiae and 
tarsi are the joints of the legs far- 
thest removed from the body. The mouth parts are fitted for chewing. 
This insect overwinters as a larva in the pupa of the moths, upon 
which the larva feeds. As with all other wasps, the life changes 
are complete. , 
Ants.—Many interesting hours have been spent by people in watch- 
ing and studying the activities of the ants, and many books have 
been written about them. Ants are social insects 
and live in colonies as do the bees, which belong 
also to the order Hymenoptera. They vary con- 
siderably in size, but all have three distinct body 
regions. They are wingless except at swarming 
time. The swarming forms have four clear wings 
which they lose soon after they establish their 
new quarters. Ants have chewing mouth parts. 
They have complete life changes. The partic- 
ular species shown here is the black carpenter 
ant (Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus). 
It is about three-eighths of an inch long. It 
builds its nest in decaying wood of various kinds, 
and sometimes in sound wood. ‘The adults hiber- 
nate in the nest. This ant is sometimes injurious 
to timbers in buildings, and is also annoying in the household, getting 
into sweet-flavored material, on which it feeds. It can be controlled 
by locating the nest and fumigating or by using poisoned sweets. 
Honeybees.—It is doubtful that man has probed into the private 
life of any other insect as much as he has into the life of the honeybee. 
Perhaps one reason for this is that the honeybee has 
been known for centuries and has been the only insect 
to provide a natural sweet. Beeswax has been used 
for a long time in the preparation of various house- 
hold articles. In more recent years honeybees have 
been found to be important factors in the pollination 
of blossoms, which is essential to seed and fruit pro- 
duction. Honeybees are social insects and live in col- 
onies. There are several races. The workers are about. PyguRE 89.— 
: ‘3 ybee. 
five-eighths of an inch long and usually dark brown In 
color. Like other Hymenoptera, they have four wings, and the adults 
fly readily. The mouth parts of the adults are modified for sucking 
FIGURE 87.—Parasitic wasp. 
FIGURE 88.—Ant. 
