4-H CLUB INSECT MANUAL 



HOMOPTERA. — Homos (same), pteron (a wing). Winged 

 forms having four wings, front pair clear or leathery and longer 

 and narrower than hind wings ; wings folding rooflike over back. 

 Mouth parts for piercing and sucking. Life changes incomplete. 

 Aphids, cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, and scale insects. 



COLEOPTERA.— Coleos (sheath), pteron (a wing). Front 

 wings leathery, fitting over hind part of body like a case, meeting 

 in a straight line along center of back ; hind wings clear, jointed in 

 middle, folded under front wings when at rest. Mouth parts formed 

 for chewing. Life changes complete. Ladybeetles, potato beetle, 

 leaf beetles, carpet beetles. 



LEPIDOPTERA. — Lepis (scale), pteron (a 

 wing). Four similar wings, when present, mem- 

 branous, but covered with overlapping scales. 

 Mouth parts for sucking. Life changes complete. 

 Butterflies, moths, skippers. 



DIPTERA— Dis (twice, from duo, meaning "two"), 

 pteron (a wing). Two clear wings ; knobs in place of 

 hind wings. Three distinct body regions. Mouth 

 parts tubular, for sucking, piercing, or lapping. Life 

 changes complete. Flies, mosquitoes, gnats. 



HYMENOPTERA. — H y m e n (membrane), 

 pteron (a wing). Four clear wings, when pres- 

 ent; few wing veins; hind wings smaller than 

 front wings and often hooked to them. Mouth 

 parts for chewing. Abdomen often with slender 

 waist, females of some kinds with stingers. Life 

 changes complete. Wasps, ants, bees, sawflies. 



ODONATA— Odous (a tooth). Four 

 long, rather narrow wings, finely netted 

 and either clear or banded, of equal or 

 nearly equal size. Wings with a short, 

 heavy cross vein and a slight notch along 

 front side so that they look as if jointed. 

 Large eyes, head loosely joined to long, 

 narrow body; antennae short. Mouth 

 parts for chewing. Nymphs living in wa- 

 ter. Life changes incomplete. Dragon- 

 flies, damsel flies. 



Figure 8. — Wasp. 



Figure 9. — Dragonfly. 



