28 



MISC. PUBLICATION 318, IT. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



— Grape leaf folder. 



each, forewing, as shown in the picture, and have a wing expanse 

 of from 1 to iy 2 inches. They have sucking mouth parts but do not 

 feed. The caterpillars feed during the sunny part of the day. In 

 commercial orchards, the usual poison sprays control these insects, but 

 where they are found elsewhere they may be controlled by carefully 

 burning or otherwise destroying the nests or webs as soon as discovery 

 is made. Some relief may be had by destroying the eggs during the 

 winter. 



Grape leaf folder. — Around the grape arbor one often finds a very 

 dark-brown moth with a wing expanse of nearly an inch. Two oval 



white spots appear on each forewing. This 

 insect is called the grape leaf folder 

 (Desmia funeralis). The larva is an ac- 

 tive pale-green caterpillar that rolls and 

 ties the leaves of wild and cultivated grapes 

 and chews the leaves within the tie. There 

 are two or three generations each year, de- 

 pending on the locality. The insect over- 

 winters in the pupal stage. It is necessary 

 to spray grape leaves with poison to con- 

 trol this pest. 



Codling moth. — How many times have you opened an apple and 

 found a worm, half a worm, or a brown tunnel where the worm has 

 been feeding? Even though many persons have seen the apple worm, 

 few have seen the parent, which is called the codling moth. This 

 moth is from about one-half to three-fourths of 

 an inch in length. The four wings of the 

 codling moth are folded leaflike over the back, 

 and have numerous light- and dark-gray mark- 

 ings. The moths lay their eggs on the leaves 

 and fruit of several kinds of trees such as apple, 

 pear, and quince. This insect has complete life 

 changes, and there are from one to three gen- 

 erations a year, depending on the locality and 

 climatic conditions. The full-grown larvae overwinter in silken co- 

 coons hidden in crevices in the bark of trees or in similarly protected 

 places. This insect is the chief pest of apples. Spraying is used in 

 its control, although sanitary measures will help to reduce the number 

 of overwintering larvae. Scientists speak of the codling moth as 

 Carpocapsa pomonella. 



Indian-meal moth. — Many housewives have be- 

 come alarmed at the sight of a rather small moth, 

 with %-inch wingspread, around the house, not 

 realizing that this little creature originated in the. 

 pantry or the granary and is the Indian-meal moth, 

 the larvae of which feed on all manner of dried 

 vegetable products, seeds, nuts, fruits, etc. In the 

 household it frequently is found in corn meal or 

 oatmeal. This moth can be distinguished from the 

 clothes moth by the wings, the outer or hind part 

 being much darker in color than the fore part, The 

 larva is a rather small white caterpillar, and almost 

 all of the four life stages may be found any time of the year. This 

 insect, which is called Plodia inter panctella, belongs to the order 



r: ! « 



- 



Figure 69. 



moth. 



Figure 70. — Indian 

 meal moth. 



