4-H CLUB INSECT MANUAL 45 
EPHEMER!IDA.—Ephemeron (a short-lived in- 
sect). Four netted, veined wings folded vertically 
over back when at rest; hind pair much smaller 
than front pair. Mouth parts for chewing. Anten- 
nae short. Three long tails on tip of abdomen. Life 
changes incomplete. Body rather frail; molt once 
in adult stage. Very short lived. Nymphs living in 
the water. Mayflies, lake flies, or Shad flies. 
FIGURE 107. 
Mayfly. 
ISOPTERA.—Isos (equal), pteron (a wing). Most forms 
wingless; kings and queens having four wings at mating time; 
wings equal in size, long, narrow, and folded over back when 
at rest. Somewhat resembling ants, but pale in color and having 
no slender waist in abdomen. Termites (white ants). 
FIGURE 108.— 
Termite. 
SIPHONAPTERA.—Siphon (a tube), apteros (without 
wings). Small, wingless body, laterally compressed (flat- 
tened at sides). Hind legs long, stout, fitted for jumping. 
Mouth parts piercing and sucking. Life changes complete. 
Fleas. 
ANOPLURA.—Anoplos (unarmed), oura (tail). Small, wing- 
less, flattened parasites of mammals. Mouth parts for piercing 
and sucking. Head narrow and pointed in front. Eyes wanting 
or degenerate. Life changes Slight. Blood-sucking lice. 
i 
FicurHh 110.— 
Sucking louse. 
MALLOPHAGA.—Mallos (wool), phagein (to eat). 
Small, wingless, flattened insects. Large broad heads, 
‘rounded in front; eyes degenerate; mouth parts for chew- 
ing. Life changes incomplete. Mostly parasites of birds, 
Figure 111.—Bit- some of mammals. Chewing lice or bird lice. 
ing louse. 
THYSANOPTERA.—Thysanos (fringe), pteron (a wing). 
Mostly wingless; when wings are present, four long and 
narrow, fringed with hairs, folded over back when at rest. 
Body much elongated. Mouth parts for rasping. Life changes 
incomplete. Thrips. 
Figure 112.—Thrip. 
