yield and to insure natural regeneration of preferred timber 

 species. 

 9. Improve volume and yield tables, rotation age data, and other 

 information for regulating timber growing-stock densities in 

 managed forests, including methods to estimate growth rate, 

 yield, allowable cut, and quality of forests as affected by environ- 

 ment and silvicultural treatment. 

 10. Improve the techniques for the profitable production of crops 

 of gum naval stores, maple sap, Christinas trees, and other non- 

 timber crops from forest trees. 



Forest Soil and Water. — The basis for effective and efficient water- 

 shed management, practices is an understanding of the fundamental 

 relationships involving soil, climate, vegetation, and water. These fac- 

 tors and their interactions are varied and complex over the wide span 

 of forest and related range lands. A more complete understanding of 

 them is required to speed the development of applicable techniques 

 and measures to insure good protection and management of the vital 

 watersheds of the National Forests and National Grasslands and other 

 forest and range lands. 



The research proposed will include : 



1. Studying soil erosion processes as related to chemical, physical, 

 and biotic characteristics of soils, and developing effective and 

 efficient measures to stabilize eroding slopes. 



2. Developing better information and guides for logging and road 

 location, construction, and maintenance under various soil and 

 topographic conditions so as to prevent accelerated erosion and 

 sedimentation. 



3. Through ecological and physiological studies of forest phreato- 

 phytes (water-loving plants) , determining how much water these 

 plants use and how they spread, to provide a basis for controlling 

 them and thus increasing water yields. 



4. Studying snow deposition, melt, evaporation, and metamorphism 

 as related to possible alterations of forest types and timber har- 

 vest patterns so as to increase water yields or prolong streamflow 

 into the summer. 



5. Determining, by basic research, the processes controlling the for- 

 mation of forest soils, including the chemical, physical, and 

 biological elements involved, and how these processes are affected 

 by different environments and forest practices. 



6. For wetland forest areas, developing methods for control of 

 water to increase forest regeneration and growth, giving atten- 

 tion to the basic hydrologic relations involved. 



7. Improving the use of forest soil surveys in land management 

 planning and action programs. 



Range Forage. — Major long-range objectives — for the rangelands 

 in the National Forests and Grasslands and for other public and 

 private forested and related open rangelands — are proper intensities of 

 animal use along with resource improvements to achieve desirable 

 watershed conditions and sustained high-level production of forage. 

 Production of forage on these lands is far below their potential capac- 

 ity, and much of the area is in watersheds that are in deteriorated 

 condition. 



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