industry, and continue to furnish some leaf forthe 

 manufacture of these products. The dark air- 

 cured and, to some extent, fire-cured types go 

 into various chewing forms. Cigar leaf is the 

 principal kind of tobacco used in loose leaf 

 chewing products. 



Plug is made of leaf tobacco pressed into flat 

 cakes after the stems have been removed. The 

 plug consists of two parts, filler and wrapper. 

 Fillers consist mainly of the heavier grades of 

 flue-cured, burley, dark air-cured, and some fire- 

 cured tobacco. The wrappers are leaves carefully 

 selected for fine quality and appearance, but 

 some brands use reconstituted tobacco as 

 wrappers. Various flavoring compounds are 

 added to the tobacco, such as licorice, maple 

 sugar, and honey. Two distinct kinds of plug are 

 made— one flat or thin and moderately sweet- 

 ened, and the other thick and heavily sweetened. 



Twist tobacco probably originated on the farm 

 where the grower found it convenient to make his 

 leaf tobacco up into twists for future use. Twist is 

 similar to that product known as roll tobacco, 

 which was the very earliest form of manufac- 

 tured tobacco. In making commercial twist, the 

 leaf is stemmed and twisted into small rolls and 

 folded. Most twist is treated with the same kind of 

 flavoring preparations used for making plug. 

 One-sucker, burley, and fire-cured are the types 

 of leaf used in the manufacture of twist. Hand 

 labor is used to a large extent in the small twist 

 factories located in producing areas, but machine 

 methods are used by larger firms. 



Fine-cut tobacco, as indicated by the name, is 

 made of finely shredded leaf, cut much the same 

 as for the manufacture of cigarettes. However, 

 some forms may be so finely cut as to resemble 

 moist snuff. Some of it is heavily flavored, like the 

 thick plug. Burley and Green River are the princi- 

 pal leaf types used. 



Loose-leaf chewing, unlike most other chewing 

 and pipe-smoking products, is made almost 

 entirely of cigar-leaf tobacco not usually suitable 

 for cigar manufacture. Practically all the stems 

 and some of the coarser fibers are removed 

 before processing. Loose leaf chewing is also an 

 outlet for broken leaves and "cuttings" from cigar 

 manufacture. The product consists of irregular 

 fragments or flakes of tobacco leaf, about Va to 1 

 inch (6.35 to 25.4 millimeters) in diameter, and 

 sold in small packages. It is classified in the trade 

 as sweet (heavily flavored) and plain. 



Smoking Tobacco 



Smoking tobacco commonly refers to pipe 

 tobacco, although considerable quantities of 

 tobacco so classified are used in hand-rolled 

 cigarettes. Smoking tobacco is manufactured in 

 many forms, such as granulated, plug cut, long 



cut, cube cut, and others. The most widely used 

 type of tobacco is burley. 



Most smoking tobacco is treated by the 

 addition of flavoring materials, which contribute 

 to the mildness and aroma of the smoke and help 

 control loss of moisture. 



Granulated is one of the oldest and simplest 

 forms of smoking tobacco. It is made mostly of 

 burley and flue-cured types of leaf. The product 

 consists of stemmed leaf broken into small flakes 

 with added flavoring. Some rolled, flattened, and 

 cut stems may also be added. Granulated 

 smoking tobacco is popular for hand-rolled 

 cigarettes. This form of tobacco is usually 

 packaged in small cotton bags. 



Long cut is cut coarser than fine-cut chewing 

 tobacco. Long cut is usually used in mixtures of 

 roll-your-own smoking tobacco. 



Plug cut is made much the same way as plug 

 chewing tobacco, and then sliced to desired 

 shapes. Its use today in the United States is very 

 small. 



Smoking tobacco (except granulated) is usu- 

 ally packaged in tins or moisture-proof pouches 

 that can fit in coat pockets. 



Snuff 



In the 17th and 18th centuries, its use was 

 considered one of the distinguishing marks of the 

 gentleman. Snuff-taking enjoyed a degree of 

 elegance for about 200 years, but in more recent 

 times its forms of use and the classes of users 

 have changed. Contrary to popular belief, very 

 little snuff today is sniffed or used through the 

 nose. Most of it is "dipped," a term commonly 

 meaning that it is used in the mouth (tucked 

 between the lower lip and the gum) as a variation 

 of chewing tobacco. 



Use of snuff is often heavy in industrial plants 

 where smoking cannot be permitted. 



Production of snuff in the United States has 

 never been large, but even today about 25 million 

 pounds (11 million kilograms) are produced 

 annually. Snuff is made principally from fire- 

 cured tobacco with a small quantity of dark air- 

 cured tobacco also going into its manufacture. 

 Some of the leaf is stemmed, but for the most part, 

 the entire leaf is used and often additional stems 

 are added. 



Some of the principal forms of snuff are fine and 

 coarse, dry and moist, plain and toasted, and 

 salted, sweetened, flavored and scented. The 

 different kinds are known by such names as 

 Scotch, dry (strong or sweet) and moist (coarser 

 than dry snuff and closely resembling fine-cut 

 chewing). 



The chewing, smoking and snuff industry 

 currently employs less than 3,000 production 

 workers. In 1977, the following amounts in 



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