78 



Ende udgaa Gastralfilamenteme, som ere spikelfri, og dets 

 øverste Ende gaar over i den aflange Mimdspalte -med 

 tykke Læber. Svælgets indre Flade er beklædt med et 

 cilierende Epithel. og paa Bugfladen indtages omtrent to 

 . Trediedele af dens Længde af en oval Eordybning (Svælg- 

 renden), som er beklædt med lange Pidskeceller, Fig. 65, e, 

 fnldkommen lig dem, som jeg tidligere har omtalt i Be- 

 skrivelsen af Væringia mirabilis. Udenfor Svælgrenden 

 sees den største Del af Svælget at være beklædt med 

 Cylinderepithel, forsynet med Cilier. og imellem Cylincler- 

 cellerne findes en Mængde kolbeformige, encellede Slim- 

 kjertler, der savnes i Svælggrnben ; ovenfor denne antager 

 Epithelet Ectodermets Karakter, saaledes som jeg tidligere 

 har paavist. Just paa det Sted af Svælgets indre Flade, 

 hvor jeg hos Væringia mirabilis fremstillede en Del af 

 Nervesystemet, findes lignende store, unipolære Granglie- 

 eeller med deres store Kjerne og rige Protoplasmaindhold, 

 men andre Nerveceller eller Nervefibre har jeg ikke seet 

 hos Slægten Fulla. 



Jeg nævnte tidligere, at Basaldelen er svampet; 

 dette grunder sig paa, at Coenenchymet her er meget ud- 

 viklet, og i dette Coenenchym findes Spikier, der ligge 

 meget spredte, have en gul Farve og nærme sig noget 

 Dobbeltstjernen i Form; de ere fra 0.080—0.088"™ lange 

 og fra 0.040— 0.052"™ brede i Enderne, paa ^Midten ere 

 de fra 0.012—0.016"™ brede, Fig. 1—3. 



Basaldelens Hud er rig paa Spilder, som ligge i flere 

 Lag og ere omgivne af Ectodermet; ogsaa her viser det 

 sig, at hvor de ere leirede i Bindevævet. beklæder Ectoderm- 

 celler de Hulrum, Spiklerne indtage; men altid ere Cellerne 

 aflange, saaledes som de ofte findes i Ectodermets indre 

 Lag. Spiklerne optræde næsten udelukkende under Form 

 af Dobbeltstjernen; de ere dog .noget forskjellige, imedens 

 GTrundformen er den samme. I Almindelighed have de 

 et nøgent Midtparti, kun sjeldent er dette besat med 

 Takker, Fig. 4. 5; fra Enderne udgaa paa de fuldt ud- 

 viklede Spikier brede Straaler, der ende i 4- — 5 Takker, 

 som danne en Stjerne, Fig. 6 — 9. Paa de mindre udviklede 

 ere Straalerne smalere og enklere, ligesom det nøgne Midt- 

 parti er meget længere, Fig. 10. Disse samtlige Dobbelt- 

 stjerner variere noget i Størrelse; de ere fra 0.052 — 0140"™ 

 lange, fra 0.032—0.116™'" brede i Enderne og fra 0.024— 

 0.048"™ brede paa Midten. Kun hist og her, men sjeldent, 

 findes imellem Dobbeltstjernerne Firlinger, hvoraf enkelte 

 nærme sig Korsformen og ere ornamenterede, 0.108"™ 

 lange med en Tverstok 0.088'"'" Fig. 11; andre nærme sig 

 Dobbeltstjernen, ere 0.120""" lange, 0.120""" brede i Enderne 

 og 0.080"™ brede paa Midten, Fig. 12. 



dorsal sides, is devoid of spicules (fig. 66). From the 

 lowest extremity of the gullet, the gastral filaments proceed, 

 and these are devoid of spicules; the uppermost extremity 

 is produced into the oblong oral fissure with thick labiæ. 

 The inner surface of the gullet is clad with a ciliate epi- 

 thelium, and about two-third parts of its ventral surface 

 is occupied by an oval cavity (the gullet-groove) which 

 is clad with long flagelliform cells (fig. 65, e) exactly like 

 those which I have previously spoken of in the descrip- 

 tion of Væringia mirabilis. Outside of the gullet-groove, 

 the greater part of the gullet is seen to be clad with 

 cylinder-epithelium furnished with ciliæ, and, between the 

 cylinder-cells, a multitude of clavate, unicellular, mucous 

 glands are found, and these are awanting in the gullet 

 cavity. Beyond it, the epithelium assumes the ectodermic 

 character, as I have, already, shown. Just at the point 

 of the inner surface of the gullet, where, in Væringia 

 mirabilis, I presented a part of the nerve system, similar 

 large unipolar ganglial cells, with their large nuclei and 

 abundant protoplasmic contents are found, but I have 

 detected no other nerve- cells, nor nerve-fibres in the genus 

 Fulla. 



I stated, previously, that the basal part is spongy; 

 that is owing to the fact that the sarcosoma is, here, much 

 developed, and in this sarcosoma spicules are seen, w r hich 

 are placed much dispersed, have a yellow colour, and 

 approach somewhat to a bistellate in form. They measure 

 from 0.080—0.088""" in length, and from 0.040—0.052""" 

 in breadth at the extremities ; whilst in the middle they 

 measure from 0.012—0.016""" in breadth (figs. 1—3). 



The dermal covering of the basal part is rich in 

 spicules, which are placed in numerous layers and are 

 surrounded by the ectoderm. Here, also, it is observed, 

 that Avhere they are found entrenched in the connective 

 tissue, the ectoderm-cells clothe the cavities which the spicules 

 occupy, but the cells are, invariably, oblong, like what 

 is frequently found in the inner layer of ectoderm. The 

 spicules, appear, almost exclusively, in the bistellate form, 

 but they are somewhat variable, although the rudimentary 

 form is the same in them all. Usually, they have a bare 

 mesial part, it being only occasionally beset with spikes 

 (figs. 4. 5); from the extremities of the fully developed 

 spicules, broad rays proceed, which terminate in 4 — 5 spikes 

 that form a star (figs. 6 — 9). On the less developed spi- 

 cules the rays are narrower and plainer, whilst, also, the 

 mesial part is much longer ('fig. 10). The whole of these 

 bistellates vary somewhat in size, and measure from 0.052 

 — 0.140"™ in length, and from 0.032—0.116'"'" in breadth 

 at the extremities, and from 0.024 — 0.048""" in breadth at 

 the middle. Here and there, only, but seldom, quad- 

 ruplets are seen between the bistellates ; of these a lew 

 approach the cruci-form, and are embellished ; they measure 

 0.108""" in length, with a transverse arm 0.088"™ long 

 (fig. 11) others, approach the bistellate in form, and mea- 

 sure 0.120"™ in length, and 0.120""" in breadth at the 

 extremities, and 0.080""" in breadth at the middle (fig. 12). 



