106 



Paa Basalclelen fremtræde Spiklerne hyppigt under 

 Form af Dobbeltstjernen og den sammensatte Stjerne. 

 Dobbeltstjernerne ere meget varierende, ofte ere Enderne 

 delte og Straalerne takkede, hvorved de næsten tabe 

 Stjerneformen ; de have i Almindelighed et nøgent Midt- 

 belte og ere fra 0.088—0.096™» lange og fra 0.044—0.072™'» 

 brede i Enderne; Midtbeltet er fra 0.012—0.024""» bredt, 

 Fig. 21 — 23. De sammensatte Stjerner ere mere eller 

 mindre ndviklede; ogsaa paa disse ere undertiden Enderne 

 delte og meget, takkede; de ere fra 0.096— 0.116""" lange 

 og fra 0.048—0.060""» brede i Enderne; flere af de sammen- 

 satte Stjerner have et smalt Midtparti, der som oftest er 

 nøgent, Fig. 24—26. Næsten ligesaa hyppigt som de to 

 nævnte Spikelformer træffes Firlinger, hvoraf de fleste have 

 en mere eller mindre udpræget Korsform. Størrelsen er 

 yderst forskjellig; enkelte ere meget smaa, kun lidet be- 

 satte med Kalkpapiller, 0.044""" lange og brede, Fig. 27; 

 andre ere rigt ornamenterede med Takker og Blade, fra 

 0,080— 0.1 12™" lange og fra 0.056—0.124"»» brede, "Fig. 

 28—30. Imellem samtlige disse Spilder sees enkelte smaa, 

 tynde Spindler med faa Takker, 0.080""" lange, 0,012»"" 

 brede, Fig. 31. 



Nederst paa Stammen er Dobbeltstjernen og Klubben 

 den almindeligste Spikelform. Dobbeltstjernerne ere dog 

 noget forskjellige fra dem, som findes paa Basalclelen; de 

 ere fra 0.064—0.100"»" lange og fra 0.048—0.060"™ brede 

 i Enderne; Midtbeltet er som oftest nøgent og fra 0.012— 

 0.020'"'» bredt, Fig. 32—34. Klubberne have en forunderlig 

 Form; nogle have ligesom et Kors i den ene Ende, andre 

 ere stærkt bladede og nærme sig adskilligt til den sammen- 

 satte Stjerne; Skaftet er paa dem alle besat med Takker; 

 de ere fra 0.064—0.112""" lange, og fra 6.048— 0.056"™ 

 brede i den tykke Ende, Fig. 35 — 39. Imellem disse 

 Spilder findes enkelte, takkede Spindler fra 0.092—0.120""» 

 lange og 0.036""" brede, Fig. 40. 41. 



Øverst paa Stammen finder man hyppigst sammen- 

 satte Stjerner og takkede Spindler, sjeldnere Dobbelt- 

 stjerner og endnu sjeldnere Firlinger, takkede Køller og 

 Klubber. De sammensatte Stjerner ere af og til spaltede 

 i Enderne og stærkt takkede, noget lig dem, som findes 

 paa Basaldelen ; stundom ere de meget langstrakte og 

 nærme sig Spindlerne; cle ere ira 0.112 — 0.140™'» lange 

 og fra 0.048—0.060'"'" brede, Fig. 42—44. Dobbeltstjernerne 

 have bladede Straaler og et nøgent Midtbelte, ere 0.084™™ 



dispersed, they are also surrounded by ectoderm cells 

 (PI. XV, fig. 19, d), This is not seen until the stem, 

 or the branch, has been freed of calcium and minute 

 dissections made and coloured. The entire sarcosoma, 

 then, shows itself to be furnished with spicules (PI. XV. 

 fig. 20, c). 



In the basal part, the spicules appear, most frequently, 

 in the form of the bistellate and the complex stellate. 

 The bistellates are very various in form; the extremities 

 are frequently split, and the rays spicate, so that they 

 almost lose the stellate form. They, usually, have a bare 

 mesial stripe, and measure from 0.088—0.096"™ in length, 

 and from 0.044— 0.072'"™ in breadth at the extremities ; the 

 mesial stripe measures from 0.012—0.024'"'" in breadth 

 (PI. XV, figs. 21 — 23). The complex stars are more or 

 less developed, and, also in these, the extremities are, 

 sometimes, split and very spicate; they measure from 0.096 — 

 0.116'"'" in length, and from 0.048—0.060"'™ in breadth at 

 the extremities. Several of the complex steiktes have a 

 narrow mesial stripe which, most frequently, is bare (PI. 

 XV, figs. 24 — 26). Almost as frequently as the two spi- 

 cular forms just mentioned, quadruplets are met with, of 

 which the greater number have a more or less marked 

 cruci-form. The size is extremely variable, some are very 

 small, and only sparingly beset with calcareous papillæ; 

 these measure 0.044™'" in length and breadth (PI. XV, 

 fig. 27). Others are richly embellished Avith spikes, and 

 leaves; and these measure from 0.080 — 0.112""» in length, 

 and from 0.056—0.124™'" in breadth (PI. XV, figs. 28. 30). 

 Between all these spicules, a few small thin spicules, with 

 only few spikes, are seen; these measure 0.080™"' in length, 

 and 0.012™"' in breadth (PL XV, fig. 31). 



On the lowest part of : the stem, the bistellate, and 

 clavate are the most common spicular forms. The bistel- 

 lates are, however, somewhat different from those that are 

 found on the basal part; they measure from 0.064 — 0.100"'™ 

 in length, and from 0.048 — 0.060""" in breadth at the 

 extremities. The mesial stripe is generally bare, and 

 measures from 0.012—0.020™» in breadth (PI. XV, figs. 

 32 — 34). The clavates have a strange form; some have, 

 as it were, a cross in the one extremity,* others are strongly 

 foliated, and approach, considerably, to the complex stel- 

 lates in form. In all of them, the shaft is beset with 

 spikes; they measure from 0.064 — 0.112™™ in length, and 

 from 0.048 — 0.056™™ in breadth at the thick extremity 

 (PI. XV, figs. 35 — 39). Between these spicules, a few 

 spicate fusees are found, measuring from 0.092 — 0.120™"' 

 in length, and 0.036"'™ in breadth (PI. XIV, figs. 40. 41). 



In the uppermost part of the stem, complex stellates, 

 and spicate fusees are the spicules most frequently met 

 with, more rarely bistellates, and, still more rarely, qua- 

 druplets, spicate subclavates, and clavates. The complex 

 stellates are, now and then, fissured at the extremities, and 

 are strongly spicate, somewhat like those found in the basal 

 part; sometimes they are very elongated, and approach to 

 the fusiform; they measure from 0.112 — 0.140'"™ in length, 

 and from 0.048—0.060™'" in breadth (PI. XV, figs. 42. 44). 



