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REMARKS ON THE FIGURES OF PLATE IX. 
THE PARTS WHICH ARE PRESENT RELATE OF THE PARTS WHICH ARE ABSENT FROM A WHOLE QUANTITY. 
HEN a comparison is held between two or more separate elementary quantities which we know 
to belong to a whole quantity, or tts like which has suffered metamorphosis, then the object of the 
comparison must be to create the presence of the whole. Any comparison which shall be held between 
minus structures, and which shall aim at nothing further than viewing them as such, can never create 
the idea of unity or the archetype plus quantity. We know how possible it is to divide and subdivide 
any given quantity even to its infinitesimal parts, and we may also know that the comparison of 
infinitesimals as such will never recreate that quantity of which they are the parts. But, on the contrary, 
when we acknowledge them to be the parts of a whole, then the comparison which shall be made between 
the parts under this latter idea will always seek to re-adjust those parts in order to re-establish the 
combined figure of that whole. The knowledge which we already possess of a whole quantity is that 
by which we invest any separated part with rational interpretation. We call such part the part of a 
whole quantity with which we are acquainted, and thus it is that the idea of a whole is inseparable from a 
part of itself It may indeed be doubted whether the geometrician who draws the segment of a circle 
can. do so raihions having the attendant idea of the circle. And just in the same way when the anatomist 
contemplates any part or quantity of an osseous skeleton, it becomes impossible for him to isolate his ideas 
of it (the part) from the concomitant and spontaneous imaginings of the entirety. 
When at length we have discovered the character and 
proportions of the archetype or whole quantity, then it is 
that we learn to express clearly the character of the parts 
separately persistent. The part refers to the whole 
design, or, if it does not, then we know nothing of design. 
The autogenous element, a, of fig. A’, speaks of the 
metamorphosed elements 1, 2, 3, and thereby completes 
the idea of the vertebral form. This remark also applies 
to fig. B’, the dorsal vertebra, and to figs. C’ and D’, the 
lumbar and sacral forms. 
The autogenous element a, and the spinous element 3 
of fig. A”, refer to the lost elements 1 and 2 of the 
cervical vertebral form. The same remark applies to figs. 
B’C’” and D”, the dorsal, lumbar, and sacral vertebree. 
-. Even the spinous element standing alone, as at fig. A”, 
tells of the vertebral archetype and. of the lost quantities 
1, 2, a, of that whole form. This may also be said of the 
figs. B’C” and D”, which are the dorsal, lumbar, and 
sacral vertebree. 
For it is evident that we can know nothing rational 
of the part if we do not know the complete figure of which 
it is the part. 
Any persistent element of the vertebral whole refers to 
that whole, and creates the idea of it as clearly as if the 
whole itself remained persistent and complete. This is 
evident, for if we name the part 3 of fig. A” to be the 
spinous process of a cervical vertebra, then we refer to 
the character of such a vertebra, and in idea we add the 
lost parts 1, 2, a, to the persistent part 3, and so esta- 
blish the idea of the whole quantity. 
The law of series, which gives order to the vertebral 
units, all of which persist complete as to their elemental 
parts, still holds in an invariable order of series the several 
persistent elements left after the metamorphoses of all 
others. If, for example, we find that one complete 
vertebra is succeeded in any region of the series by a 
metamorphosed vertebra, then the elemental parts of the 
latter form which do persist are seen to hold series with 
their homologous elements in the complete form ; and it 
is by the observation of this fact that we are enabled to 
tell how much has been subtracted from the meta- 
morphosed form. If between any two vertebrz of the 
spinal series we discover an interval which had been once 
occupied by a third vertebra, and that no other element 
