REMARKS ON THE FIGURES OF PLATE XV. 
EVERY VERTEBRA OF SERIES CONTAINS SOME PROPORTIONAL OF A COSTA. 
i ITY under metamorphosis is an archetype plus quantity, being subjected to the law of proportioning. 
Unity and the archetype may hence be regarded as one and the same thing, consequently the 
metamorphoses and proportionals are also to be understood as the products of unity or the archetype. 
Now, whilst we grant this, we must also acknowledge to the fact, that the several proportionals which we 
name differently owing to the circumstance of a variation of bulk, can still (through the mist of such 
nomenclature) be known as the parts of unity or the plus archetype. If we may reasonably interpret this 
lesser form to be a proportional of that greater form, there being no other difference between the two than 
that which exists between a—4 and a+4, then the facts remain easily recognisable, notwithstanding the 
nomenclature by which we perversely read the thing a—é as in nowise related to the thing a+4. 
For it 
is still evident that the greater quantity contains the lesser, and hence it becomes no less evident that the 
latter standing alone is to be regarded as a proportional of the greater. 
' A yertebra is a figure of increase. Its general design 
and proportions are subjected to the rule of plus and minus 
development ; of this there can be no doubt entertained, 
and consequently the plus form must be regarded as the 
archetype of the minus form. Any one vertebra of series 
may be recognised as performing these variations from 
to plus 
quantity, and consequently all vertebrae of series pass 
through the like mutations, for which reasons we venture 
minus quantity and from plus to minus 
to assert, that as all vertebra are but the proportionals of 
a common archetype quantity or plus design, so must this 
archetype be regarded as the unity, the mimus proportionals 
being the varieties. 
Fig. A’ is acervical vertebra whose composite transverse 
process presents two pieces; 1 being that which is exoge- 
nous to the neural arch; the other, a, being the autoge- 
nous element. The piece marked 1 is of an invariably 
fixed character, it never increases beyond these set pro- 
portions; but, on the contrary, the anterior or autogenous 
element a is subjected to mutations by increasing to plus 
quantity, and oftentimes arches ventrad even as far as the 
sternal structures, thereby imitating the costal forms of 
the thoracic region. In fig. A” this autogenous piece is 
marked 8, and the dotted line d, indicates the direction of 
its growth ventrad. In fig. A” this same piece is marked 
c, and the median point d, is that where it occasionally 
meets its fellow of the opposite side. It is self-evident, 
therefore, that fig. A’ must be regarded as the proportional 
minus quantity of fig. A” and this of fig. A’”” when these 
latter shall have performed plus increase to the point d. 
Fig. B’ is a vertebra of the dorsal class, having the 
exogenous piece 1 homologous to the piece 1 of fig. A’ the 
cervical vertebra, and having also the piece a homologous 
to the piece a of the cervical vertebra. In fig. B’ this 
piece @ is the proximal end of a rib, and fig. B” shows 
this costal piece 6 disposed to traverse the dotted line d, 
and even to meet at the mid point d of fig. B’”. If, 
therefore, fig. B’ with its piece a of costal structure, will, 
when shown to any anatomist, invariably suggest the idea 
of its being the proportional quantity of a full costo- 
vertebral archetype which generally takes the form of 136% 
what then is the interpretation reasonably to be affixed to 
fig. A,” whose element @ is the homologue of the piece 
marked a in fig. B’? 
Fig. C’ is a vertebra of the lumbar class, having also 
the exogenous piece 1, homologous to the piece marked 1, 
in both the cervical and dorsal forms, and having also the 
autogenous piece @ homologous to the piece a of both 
cervical and dorsal vertebrae. This autogenous element a 
of fig. C’ is also disposed to pass through plus mutations, 
either increasing to d of fig. C’, or even as far as the 
median point d of fig. C’”, and thereby imitating the plus 
thoracic archetype. If therefore fig. B’ be a proportional 
of B” produced to d, what else is C’ but the proportional 
of fig. C’’, which latter is the homologue of fig. B’”’? 
Fig. D’ is the first sacral vertebra holding the pieces 
