CORALS OF THE UPPER CHALK. 47 



Family ASTREID^E (p. xxiii). 

 Tribe EUSMILINtE (p. xxiii). 



1. Genus Parasmilia (p. xxiv). 



1. Parasmilia centralis. Tab. VIII, figs. 1, la, lb, \c. 



Madreporite, Par£t>won, Organ. Remains of a FormerWorld, vol. ii, tab. iv, figs. 15, 16, 1820. 

 Madrepora centralis, Mantell, Geol. of Sussex, p. 159, tab. xvi, figs. 2, 19, 1822. (Cor- 

 rect figures.) 

 Caryophyllia centralis, Fleming, British. Animals, p. 509, 1828. 



— — Mantell, Trans, of the Geol. Soc, 2d series, vol. iii, p. 204, 1829. 



— — Phillips, Illust. of the Geol. of Yorkshire, part i, p. 119, tab. i, 



fig. 13, 1829; 2d edit., p. 91. 



— — 5. Woodward, Synoptic Table of Brit. Org. Remains, p. 6, 1830. 

 Caryophyllia, R. C. Taylor, in Mag. of Nat. Hist., vol. iii, p. 271, fig./, 1830. 

 Lithodendron centrale, Ch. Keferstein, Die Naturgeschichte des Erdkorpers, vol. ii, 



p. 789, 1824. 

 Turbinolia excavata (?), Hagenow, in Leonard's und Bronn's Jahrbuch fur Mineral., p. 229, 



1839. 



— centralis, Fred. Adolph Reenter, Verstein. des Norddeutschen Kreidegebirges, 



p. 26, 1840. 



— — Bronn, Index Paleontologicus, p. 314, 1848. 



Parasmilia centralis, Milne Edwards and J. Haime, Monogr. des Astreides, Ann. des 



Sc. Nat., 3 me serie, Zool. vol. x, p. 244. 1848. 

 Monocarya centralis {in parte), Lonsdale, iu Dixon's unpublished work on the Chalk 



Formations of Sussex, tab. xviii, figs. 1, 3, 7, 7 «, 9 



(cseteris exclusis). 



Corallum simple, cylindrico-turbinate, fixed by a rather broad basis, above which it is 

 much contracted, elongate, irregularly bent in various directions, and presenting a series of 

 unequal contractions and circular dilatations. Costa closely set, and distinct from the 

 calicular margin down to the basis, where they are the most prominent; those corre- 

 sponding to the primary and secondary septa are rather larger than the others towards 

 the basis ; but the tertiary ones soon become almost similar to the former, and at the 

 upper part of the wall all these large costse alternate with smaller ones belonging to 

 the fourth cyclum. All are covered with delicate granulations, which are most prominent 

 towards the lower part of the costae of the fourth cyclum, where they form simple series. 

 Calice circular, with the fossula less shallow than usual in this genus. Columella well 

 developed, somewhat prominent and crispate. Septa forming six equally developed systems 

 and four complete cycla ; closely set, very unequal, broad, thin, slightly exsert, straight, or 



