13 
S Goamiharn, “Nees and Borsayen contained Mccann ‘to L. Musso'*) well developed 
examples, yielding 1.1 per cent. of essential oil and from 1 to 1.1 per cent. of camphor. 
The seeds came from Formosa. On the contrary there was no camphor present in 
the trees raised in Algiers from hybrids, as Camphora muncta, Nees”). 
- For the attainment of a successful culture, P. Carmody recommends the employ- 
BS ment of seeds or seedlings from plants which yield solid camphor only*). Loamy 
’ Es ground should be avoided. Not more that 300 trees should stand on an acre. The trees 
can be cut for their €amphor from three to four times annually when they have attained 
_ the age of 4 or 95 years. 
According to another communication *) leaves and twigs can be cut from the two 
| year old trees, at certain seasons, during which the growth ceases, without damaging 
‘then. This operation must be conducted with great care, and care must also be 
taken not to cut off the older branches. Only the leaves of the tree contain con- 
z siderable quantities of camphor in its early years; and the branches which are then 
amputated only increase the raw material, but not the yield of camphor. With wages 
so high, the cutting by hand of the camphor tree has become so costly, that a pro- 
‘fitable production of camphor in the Gulf States of America was endangered. For this 
reason, already in 1916 on the camphor plantation of the Satsuma Heights, Florida, 
attempts had been made to replace the hand labour by machinery. 
The camphor trimming machine, built and latterly improved by the United States 
_ Department of Agriculture, consists of a wagon which carries the machine proper. 
_ The various parts which cut the leaves and twigs and assemble them on the wagon, 
are motor-driven. This machine, which can be worked by from two to three men, 
' appears to come up to sores tatu. 
eee Oil. — According to announcements of the Dutch ministry of agriculture 
the amount of land under caraway cultivation is 971 hectares this year, i.e. an increase 
- of more than 50 percent. over that in cultivation in 1919. 
The. high prices of the previous year, as was to be forseen, could not be maintained, 
during the last nine months they have gradually sunk to 19 fl. per 50 kilos, and appear 
for the time being to keep at this level. The satisfactory harvest and the considerable 
_ augmentation in the culture are factors which lead one to expect a further weakening 
in the prices in the next few months, especially if the slackness of trade which recently 
set in continues. At present caraway offers little inducement to speculation. Little 
_. demand is to be expected from Germany in view of the falling of the mark; especially — is 
-as the new monopoly law and the spirit shortage greatly hinder the manufacture of 
- Caraway into spirits and liqueurs. Since the caraway-growing districts of Schleswig 
have fallen to Denmark, the German production may hardly suffice to satisfy the 
demand for seasoning purposes, so that large quantities of German caraway are not. 
available for distillation. 
Cassia Oil.—The export of cassia oil from Hong Kong for the year 1919 has 
furtherediminished’). The total value of this export for 1919 was § 370792, and for 
1918 § 434245. In 1919 15 per cent. went to Great Britain and 72 per cent. to the 
_ United States °). 
7) Bull. Sciences pharmacol. 26. (1919), 204. As per Pharm. Zentrath, 61 (1920), 273. — *) Cf. Report 
April 1908, 23. — *) Times Trade Supplement, April 10% 1920. — +) Perfwm. Record 11 (1920), 226. — 
>) Drug. und Chem. Markets 6 (1920), 789. — %) Cf. Report 1919, 15. 
f ” 
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