— SS) 
_ 
o Minhas O 
ati Tee ee 
i le i et ee * ew ae 
Se ee ee Oe eee ee ee 
vol. Hl, p. 554. 
ot 
At the present time it eat be looked upon as a wonder, if we had not to report 
of flagrant adulterations of rose oil. Although only very small samples were at our 
disposal on account of the prevailing high prices, yet however, these mostly sufficed 
for us to recognise that the oils were adulterated, and we again observed palmarosa oil 
as well as spermaceti, also the same adulterants which we mentioned in our previous 
Report. p. 44. Consequently we will not go into further details, in order not to repeat 
what has already been said, but will rest satisfied with this hint, which should be 
enough to put every Tose oil buyer on his guard. 
Rose Culture in dae wahough the Indian rose industry has scarcely any signi- 
ficance in the commerce of the world, yet a few more explicit details about the rose 
cultures which have existed for two centuries in the district of Gazipur on the Ganges, 
north-east of Benares, will not be without interest. Gazipur was once the rose-garden 
of India; now the whole perfumery industry has gone back very considerably here, 
and the so-called Gazipur Rose Water partly comes from other parts of the province. 
According to a report of I. P. Srivastara’) who visited Gazipur in 1919, 96 acres in 
Pargana Gazipur and Thesil Gazipur are planted with roses, chiefly indeed with Rosa 
damascena, Mill. On a biggah of ground (1;biggah = 1600 sq. yds. = 1338 sq. m.) 
stand 2500 plants. After a year the young rose trees are transplanted from the nursery 
to the field, at the. and of another year they bloom. The flowering time begins on 
“Sheoratri” (1st March), and ends on “Ram Naumi” (10 April), and only occurs once ~ 
a year, not oftener, as in the district of Aligarh south-east of Delhi. During this 
period of 40 days, 46000 to 60000 blooms per biggah are gathered, roughly equal to- 
62 to 82 kg., 7. e., 463 to 613 kg. per hectare. In Bulgaria the yield of a good plan- 
tation is 4000 kg. per hectare”). This comparatively small result can only he ascribed 
to the carelessness of the farmers. On the one hand insufficient attention is paid to 
the manuring, on the other one attempts to gather repeated crops from the same plant 
for far too long a time, instead of replacing them by fresh ones. The roses are used 
_ almost exclusively for the preparation of rose water. Both the distillation apparatus, 
_which is heated over a naked fire, and the whole manner of winning the product is 
very impracticable and uncleanly. Rose water is obtained in various strengths. Five 
thousand to forty thousand blooms are distilled each in two portions and give for the 
time being a yield of 25 to 32 quarts. .The amount of raw material used has no 
influence on the quantity of the yield. ; 
The process according to which rose oil is obtained in small quantities may now 
be mentioned. A very concentrated rose water is prepared by distilling five to six 
times with the same water continually fresh blooms, the quantity of blooms being 
increased each time. The concentrated water is allowed to stand overnight in a wide- 
mouthed vessel, covered with a cloth. In the early morning the oil, which has formed 
a thin layer on the surface of the water, is shunned off with a duck’s feather and 
collected in a bowl. 
Rose extract Oil, German. —F. Elze obtained an oil from centifolias by means 
_ of an easily volatile solvent. It had the following properties: — Solidifying point + 13°, 
. dogo 0.9894, «+-0°6’, acid value 3.15, ester value 2.9, ester value after acetylation 317.5. 
Together with phenylethylalcohol as chief constituent, geraniol (diphenylurethane, m.p. 81 
‘) Perfum. Record 10 (1919), 190. — 2) Ci. Gildemeistet and Hoffmann, The Volatile Oils, 274 ed., 
f 4 
