83 
‘ga so Nor the Hazition: process, the oil of Hacolntes dives, Schau., has more than 
‘any_ other become important. 300 tons of. oil are aeaitaly used in the De Bavary 
. eeas -for the separating of ores*). 5 
. A great number of harmless as well as. narcotic aromatic plants belong to ‘the 
Umbelliferc: a special characteristic of this family - is, that the aromatic substances 
do not occur in single organs, but are spread throughout the plant. Anisaldehyde 
(p-methoxybenzaldehyde), known by the name of ‘ ‘aubépine” is obtained by the oxidation 
of anethole (»-propenylanisole) which is present in large amounts in oil of aniseed and 
| fennel oil. Since “aubépine” possesses in a high degree the odour of flowering 
: hawthorn, it forms the basis of all artificial hawthorn perfumes. The unsaturated 
_ ketone carvone, , Cros, the chief constituent of caraway oil possesses the charac- 
teristic. property of forming a crystalline compound with sulphuretted hydrogen, from 
which it can be again separated in a pure state. The crystalline apiole, a dimethoxy- 
7 methylenedioxyallylbenzene is the chief constituent of parsley oil, Petroselinum sativum, 
_. Hoffmann, only distinguished from the myristicin of nutmeg by possessing an extra 
_ methoxyl group. Mpyristicin itself has been found in a French parsley oil poor in 
apiole. The cultivation of Carum Ajowan, Benth. and Hook., an annual umbellifera, 
- is very widely spread in India, whose finely divided seeds on distillation yield 3 to 
4 per cent. of oil, which contains 40. to 50 per cent. thymol. 
ee Amongst the Ericaceee together with the beautiful rhododendron and the sweet 
smelling “ground shrub” Epigca repens, L., is found wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens, L., 
_ whose leaves yield the strongly aromatié: oil of wintergreen. The really genuine winter- 
green oil is hardly to be obtained in trade, since it has been almost completely 
substituted by the oil obtained from the birch bark of Betula, lenta, L. The chief con- 
 stituent of this oil, methylsalicylate, occurs in very. many plants, as tea and coca 
leaves, in the blossoms of the tuberose and “meadow sweet flowers” (Spirca Ulmaria, L2, 
_ Another ester of salicylic acid —amylsalicylate — which has not yet been “found in 
_ mature, is very much used-in perfumery. This strongly aromatic liquid smells like some 
of the Orciidew, and is said to from the basis of artificial clover perfumes. 
‘The family Labiate is very rich in plants containing essential oils. Schimmel & Co. 
; recently found in Japanese .peppermint oil a hase, interesting compound a hexenyl- 
: phenylacetate*) of the constitution > ‘ 
_CsH; CH,CO.CH.CH, CH: CH: “CH,CH,; 
facatty’ van Romburgh’) pointed to the presence ‘of this substance in the oil of tea 
leaves. Besides occuring in the Umbellifere Carum Ajowan, Benth. and Hook. thymol 
is also found in many of the Lalnate, e. ¢., Monarda punctata, L.; Thymus vulgaris, L. 
and in species of Ocimum, Satureta, Origanum. In the oil of Moncrda jistulosa, L. the 
so-called wild bergamot, there is, together with carvacrol, an isomeride of thymol, 
thymohydroquinone, CiH1102 present, whose dimethylether forms. the chief constituent 
of arnica root oil (Arnica montana, L.). | 
_ The large family of the Composite contains comparatively few bien with important 
e perfume-substances. Chamomile, milfoil, and wormwood oils are notewortly on account 
of their deep blue colour. This coloration is caused by the unsaturated hydrocarbon 
i CHis, azulene, which has a faint odour of phenol and contains four ethylene linkings. 
On reduction, this tricyclic compound is transformed quantitatively into a tricyclic 
_ dihydrosesquiterpene C;;H2. We must mention also Ngai camphor, consisting almost 
. 1) CE. Report April 1911, 72; October 1911, 49; April 1912, 79. — 2) Cf. Report 1918, 39; Walbaum, 
_ Journ. f. prakt. Chem. UW. % (1918), 245. — #) This Report p. 55. yy. 
- 3 ; : " iy: Morn, 6* 
4 
