— 
pleats i Tobe eae “The. Biics is Aptanied tote the. Mepunded trunks of Meant 
Ytoluiferum., H. B. and K.. The residue after evaporation, obtained by digesting 1 g. 
balsam with 20 cc. carbon disulphide and evaporation of the filtrate, is crystalline with 
zs 
a ‘pure’ aromatic odour, and taste, which do not remind one of turpentine oil and ought, 
Phi digested with 2 to 3 cc. ammonia solution, to yield a liquid, which has not 
~ gelatinised after 12 hours (test for resin). The acid value of the balsam ought to 
- amount to 110 to 160, and the saponification value ae to 210. On ignition 0.5 per cent. 
of am, at the most, should remain. 
>For the analysis of balsams’) whieh, according to E. Faucneaus can be regarded as — 
a mixture of resins and volatile esters, the esterification of the free acids (alcoolyse) 
is recommended by Fourneau and M. Crespi?). This process has the advantage over : 
ee saponification, for it does not attack the resins, is performed quickly and easily, and 
. 
2 
a 
permits the isolating of the acids as esters without great loss. The method of work 
was as follows:— 200 g. balsam were mixed with the same amount of alcohol con- 
~ taining 6 g. hydrogen chloride, and the mixture boiled for 6 hours. After neutralising 
¥ _ with 7 g. sodium carbonate, the esters formed were steam. distilled and taken up with 
ether. From the ether residue the esters could be obtained by fractional distillation, 
4 and the acids. after saponification; both could then be identified. 
Peru- and Tolu- balsam, storax and benzoin were treated in this way. Benzoic 
a acid, cinnamic acid and styrene were found in the fractions. of the Peru balsam. The 
4 5 
+4 
- 
: - 
high boiling residue from these. fractions yielded on hydrolysis, together with cinnamic 
acid, a terpene alcohol, which probably was identical with the peruviol of Thoms’). | 
The small amount of alcohol allowed of no farther testing. The ethyl ester of benzoic 
_acid, the ethyl ester of cinnamic acid and a terpene hydrocarbon tolene*) were 
‘identified in the tolu balsam. In benzoin, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid were 
identified. Only cinnamic acid and cinnamic alcohol could be obtained from storax— - 7 
benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol were completely missing. This fact supports the 
_ hypothesis on. the formation of esters in balsams. When, in plants, the phases phenyl 
alanine, cinnamic acid, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol and benzoic. acid are passed 
- through, then storax is only found in those plants, in which the process only advances. 
to the second stage. An oxidation of cinnamic acid to benzaldehyde : does not take place. 
— 
Binion of the value. of spirit of camphor. — Several years ago F. Wratschko P} 
in an exhaustive work showed that, from the specific gravity dis0 and the refraction 
Be eee of ‘spirit of camphor, the alcohol content, as also the camphor content, could 
- 
be obtained in a simple manner with the aid of a table. Wratschko prepared 6 to. 
14 per cent. solutions of camphor in diluted spirits of wine, determined the specific 
_ gravity diso and the refraction Npsoo, and from this, with the help of the equations 
d _ dip + (100 —p) de do oad nn az THD + (100 —p) ng 
1007, fee roe TOO 
he calculated the “specific gravity and refraction of camphor. In the equations d, di 
- 
and d, stand for the specific gravity, n, ni and n, for the refraction of the solution, 
4) Ordinarily balsams are regarded as solutions of solid rosins in essential oils, or as a mixture of the 
same. Tschirch calls the French balsams Benzoresins (“Benzharze”), that is all resins which contain benzoic 
_ of cinnamic acid, or the acids derived from them. — 7”) Bull. Soc. chim. IV. 26 (1919), 386. — . %) Cf. Report 
April 1914, 80. (Peruviol is impure nerolidol.) — 4) Tschirch writes in “Die Harze wnd die Harzbehiilter”, 24 ed. 
p- 244: — “What the tolene of Deville and Kapp is, to which the formula CyjoHs, CyoHy, or C2sH3g was ascribed, 
I cannot say. Probably it was impure styrene’. — %) Zeitschr. d. allg. dsterr. Apoth. Ver. 52 (1914), 286. 
i : ’ : /- ae 
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