j from: em CyeienS iby sade acid”). oe ON the Be results (74 per cent. of the 
e is important to use autoclaves,. for the deleterious influence of the atmospheric oxygen 
60 per cent. = the theoretical yield. was obtained when open vessels were used. 
a ae Amongst cymene derivatives p- -aminocarvacrol is very stftable far the. preparation a ; 
: of photographic developers. Comparative experiments showed that this compound is. 
Mer os 2G, ‘be preferred to p-aminophenol asa developer, but that it is inferior to monomethyl- | 
4 ; praminophenol (metol) and p-aminocresol. The isomeric p-aminothymol does not give so 
good results as the carvacrol derivative Oe | 
4 
3 Bee TATE Acids and Esters. 
mo ‘ 5 ia 
+i By C. Matie, R. Marquis and Birewenstock have succeeded in 1 dubia reducing 
ogi acid to the corresponding alcohol *). Up to now only aromatic organic acids, 
of the transformed acid, according to the following isonaiigne: as 
Cathode liquid, 75 gm. concentrated sulphuric acid, 25 gm. water, 1 gm. sgane 20 gm. 
A part of the alcohol radical by the electrolysis. formed an ester with the sulphuric 
Oacid, only to be again electrolytically decomposed. If the yield was indeed small with 
: 4 this method, it eeuened the ee that aliphatic acids also. can be secupteally reduced. 
? Cre influence of the power ‘emitted from HCN molecuies (asymmetric iriductiGay 
In their ‘latest. paper’) on optically ania cinnamic acids, and the cinnamates of 
_ 1) Journ. Tad. Eng. Chem. 12 (1920), fee 2) Journ. Ind. Eng. Chem 11 (1919), 455. — 3) Bull. Soe. 
rz, Chim. IV. 26 (1919), 512, — *) Berl: Berichte 38 (1905), 1745; 41 (1908), 4148; Report April 1909, 129. — 
ie on, a Ree 33 (1900), ¢ 2214. — 8) Cf. Report 1916, 133. — ') Biochem. Zeitschr. 103 (1920), 79. 
y sad ys en” Sat A ; tea? 
: ficytic acid excess of alkali must not be present, as is. ‘erinisaible in all other cases. & 
oy D. Gibbs and M. Phillips discovered: the most suitable means of obtaining cornea a 
det erivative of p-cymene. sulphonic acid (1 ae and ‘sedi bidrobide (2.2 molecules). ip 
f water was added to the melt, the time had to be lengthened and the temperature raised. 
is. thereby: diminished ; and nothing can be lost during the melting process. Only — 
ine d, om nich 1.65 gm. ohecglettiy alcohol was won, corresponding to 33 per cent. to 
3 phenylacetic acid; area of lead cathode 100 Sq. cm.; ; current intensity 10 ampéres; duration — 
