BERBERIDACE^E. (BARBERRY FAMILY.) 53 



E. New England, where it has become thoroughly wild : elsewhere occasionally 

 spontaneous. May, June. (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. B. Canadensis, Pursh. (American Barberry.) Leaves repandly 

 toothed, the teeth less bristly-pointed; racemes few-flowered ; petals notched at 

 the apex; berries oval (otherwise as in No. 1). — Alleghanies of Virginia and 

 southward : not in Canada. June. — Shrub 1° - 3° high. 



2. CAULOPHYLLUM, Michx. Blue Cohosh. 



Sepals 6, with 3 small bractlets at the base, ovate-oblong. Petals 6 thick and 

 gland-like somewhat kidney-shaped or hooded bodies, with short claws, much 

 smaller than the sepals, one at the base of each of them. Stamens 6 : anthers 

 oblong. Pistil gibbous : style short : stigma minute and unilateral : ovary 

 bursting soon after flowering by the pressure of the 2 erect, enlarging seeds, 

 and withering away ; the spherical seeds naked on their thick seed-stalks, look- 

 ing like drupes ; the fleshy integument turning blue : albumen of the texture 

 of horn. — A perennial glabrous herb, with matted knotty rootstocks, sending 

 up in early spring a simple and naked stem, terminated by a small raceme or 

 panicle of yellowish-green flowers, and a little below bearing a large triternately 

 compound leaf, without any common petiole (whence the name, from Kavkos, 

 stem, and (fivWov, leaf; the stem seeming to form a stalk for the great leaf). 

 Leaflets obovate wedge-form, 2-3-lobed. 



1. C. thalictroides, Michx. (Also called Pappoose-root.) Ledntice 

 thalictroides, L. — Deep rich woods ; common westward. April, May. — Stems 

 1° - 2^-° high. Flowers appearing while the leaf is yet small. A smaller biter- 

 nate leaf often at the base of the panicle. Whole plant glaucous when young, 

 also the seeds, which are as large as peas. 



3. DIPHYLLEIA, Michx. Umbrella-leaf. 



Sepals 6, fugacious. Petals 6, oval, flat, larger than the sepals. Stamens 6 : 

 anthers oblong. Ovary oblong : style hardly any : stigma depressed. Ovules 

 5 or 6, attached to one side of the cell below the middle. Berry few-seeded. 

 Seeds oblong, with no aril. — A perennial glabrous herb, with thick horizontal 

 rootstocks, sending up each year either a huge centrally peltate and cut-lobed, 

 rounded, umbrella-like, radical leaf, on a stout stalk, or a flowering stem bearing 

 two similar (but smaller and more 2-cleft) alternate leaves which are peltate 

 near one mai'gin, and terminated by a cyme of white flowers. (Name composed 

 6T§t's, twice, and <pvX\ov, leaf.) 



1. D. cymdsa, Michx. Wet or springy places, mountains of Virginia 

 and southward. May. — Hoot-leaves l°-2° in diameter, 2-cleft, each division 

 5-7-lobed; lobes toothed. Berries blue. 



4. JEFPERSONIA, Barton. Twin-leaf. 



Sepals 4, fugacious. Petals 8, oblong, flat. Stamens 8 : anthers oblong- 

 linear, on -slender filaments. Ovary ovoid, soon gibbous, pointed: stigma 2- 

 lobed. Pod pear-shaped, opening half-way round horizontally, the upper part 



