78 violace^e. (violet family.) 



5. V. pallistris, L. (Marsh V.) Smooth; leaves round-heart-shaped 

 and kidney-form, slightly crenate ; flowers (small) pale lilac with purple streaks, 

 nearly beardless; spur very short and obtuse. — Alpine summits of the White 

 Mountains, New Hampshire, and high northward. June. (Eu.) 



6. V. Selkirkii, Pursh, Goldie, 1822. (Great-spurred V.) Small and 

 delicate ; the filiform rootstock flbrose-rooted, no runners above ground ; smooth, 

 except the round-heart-shaped crenate leaves, which are minutely hairy on the 

 upper surface and have a deep narrowed sinus ; spur very large, thickened at the 

 end, almost as long as the beardless pale violet petals. (V. umbrosa, Fries, 1828. 

 V. Kamtschatica, Gingins, 1826.) — Damp and shady soil, W. Massachusetts to 

 Chatauque Co., N. Y. {Clinton), L. Superior {Robbins), and northward : rare. — 

 Scapes and petioles l'-2', the leaf g'-ll' long, thin; the spur 3'' long. (Eu.) 



* * * * Flowers violet or purple {or rarely almost ivhite) : rootstocks fleshy and thick- 

 ened or tuberous, mostly erect or ascending, producing neither runners nor runner- 

 like subterranean branches. 



7. V. CUCUllata, Ait. (Common Blue V.) Rootstocks thickly dentate 

 with fleshy teeth, branching and forming compact masses; leaves all long-petioled 

 und upright, heart-shaped with a broad sinus, varying to kidney-shaped and dilated- 

 triangular, smooth, or more or less pubescent, the sides at the base rolled in- 

 wards when young, obtusely serrate; lateral and often the lower petals bearded; 

 spur short and thick ; stigma slightly beaked or beakless. — Low grounds, com- 

 mon everywhere. — Very variable in size, shape of leaves and sepals, and in the 

 color and size of the flowers, which are deep or pale violet-blue or purple, some- 

 times nearly white, or variegated with white. Scapes 3'- 10' high. Passes b} 

 intermediate forms of all sorts into 



Var. palmata. (Hand-leaf V.) Leaves variously 3-7-clejl or parted, or 

 the earlier ones entire on the same individual. (V. palmata, L.) — Common, 

 especially southward. 



Var. eordata. Leaves chiefly round-heart-shaped and prostrate, sometimes 

 villous, sometimes nearly glabrous, small. (V. villbsa and V. eordata, Walt. 

 V. sorbria, Willd.) — Common southward ; a variety growing in drier soil or 

 more exposed situations. 



8. V. sagittata, Ait. (Arrow-leaved V.) Smoothish or hairy ; leaves 

 mi short and margined, or the later often on long and naked petioles, varying from 

 nblong-heart-shaped to halberd-shaped, arrow-shaped, oblong-lanceo'ate or ovate, denticu- 

 late, sometimes cut-toothed near the base, the lateral or occasionally all the 

 (pretty large purple- blue) petals bearded ; spur short and thick ; stigma beaked. 

 ( V. ovata, Nutt., and V. emarginata, Le Conte, are states of this variable spe- 

 cies.) — Dry or moist open places, New England to Illinois and southward. — 

 Rootstock nearly as in the preceding, into which some forms seem to pass. 



9. V. delphinifdlia, Nutt. (Larkspur V.) Leaves all palmately or pe- 

 dately 5 - 7 -parted, divisions 2 -3-cleft ; lobes linear ; lateral petals bearded; stigma 

 ;>hort-beaked ; otherwise like No, 7. — Rich prairies, Illinois and westward. 



10. V. pedata, L. (Bird-foot V.) Nearly smooth ; rootstock short and 

 very thick, erect, not scaly ; leaves all 3 - 5-divided, or the earliest only parted, 

 the lateral divisions 2 - 3-parted, all linear or narrowly spatulate, sometimes 2 - 



