MALVACEAE. (MALLOW FAMILY.) 99 



Tribe I. MALVEJE. Columns of stamens anther-bearing at the top. Ovaries and 

 pods (carpels) 5-20 or more, closely united in a ring around a central axis, from which 

 they separate after ripening. 

 * Stigmas occupying the inner face of the styles : carpels 1-seeded, falling away separately. 



1. Althaea. Involucel of 6 to 9 bractlets. 



2 Malva. Involucel of 3 bractlets. Petals obcordate. Carpels rounded, beakless. 



3. Cailii ilioe. Involucel of 3 bractlets or none. Petals truncate. Carpels beaked. 



4. Napsea. Involucel none. Flowers dioecious. Stamens few. 



* # Stigmas terminal, capitate : carpels 1 - few -seeded, usually dehiscent. 



5. Malvastrum. Involucel of 3 bractlets or none. Seeds solitary in the cells, ascending. 



6. Sida. Involucel none. Seed solitary in the cells, pendulous. 



7. Abutilon. Involucel non" Seeds 3 or more in each cell. 



8 Modiola. Involucel of 3 bractlets. Seeds 2 in each cell, and with a transverse partition 



between them. 

 Tribe II. HIBISCE£3. Column of stamens anther-bearing for a considerable part of 

 its length, naked and 5-toothed at the very apex. Pod mostly 5-celled, loculicidal, leaving 

 scarcely any axis in the centre after opening. 

 9. Kosteletzkya. Involucel of several bractlets. Pod 5-celled, 5-seeded. 

 10. Hibiscus. Involucel of many bractlets. Pod 5-celled, many-seeded. 



1. ALTH2EA, L. Marsh-Mallow. 



Calyx surrounded by a 6 - 9-cleft involucel. Otherwise as in Malva. (Name 

 from aXdco, to cure, in allusion to its healing properties.) 



1. A. officinalis, L. (Common Marsh-Mallow.) Stem erect; leaves 

 ovate or slightly heart-shaped, toothed, sometimes 3-lobed, velvety-downy : pe- 

 duncles axillary, many flowered. — Salt marshes, coast of New England and 

 New York. Aug., Sept. — Flowers pale rose-color. Perennial root thick, 

 abounding in mucilage, the basis of the Pates de Guimauve. (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. MALVA, L. Mallow. 



Calyx with a 3-leaved involucel at the base, like an outer calyx. Petals ob- 

 cordate. Styles numerous, stigmatic down the inner side. Fruit depressed, 

 separating at maturity into as many 1-seeded and indehiscent round kidney- 

 shaped blunt carpels as there are styles. Radicle pointing downwards. (An 

 old Latin name, from fJLa\a%n, soft, alluding to the emollient leaves.) 



1. M. rotundif6lia, L. (Common Mallow.) Stems procumbent from a 

 deep biennial root ; leaves round-heart-shaped, on very long petioles, crenate, 

 obscurely-lobed ; petals twice the length of the calyx, whitish ; carpels pubescent, 

 even. — Waysides and cultivated grounds : common. (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. M. stlvestris, L. (High M.) Biennial; stem erect, branched (2° -3° 

 high) ; leaves sharply 5 - 1-lobed ; petals thrice the length of the calyx, large, 

 purple and rose-color; carpels wrinkled- veiny. — Waysides. (Adv. from Eu.) 



3. M. CRfsPA, L. (Curled M.) A tall, erect annual, with round and angled 

 toothed and crisped leaves, and small sessile flowers crowded in the axils, — spar- 

 ingly escaped from old gardens. (Adv. from Eu.) 



4. M. moschata, L. (Musk M.) A low perennial; with the stem-leaves 5- 

 parted, and the divisions once or twice parted or cleft into linear lobes, faintly 

 musky-scented, the flowers rose-color or white (1^' in diameter) on short pe 



