210 RUBIACE.E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 



fruit, bearing several remote flowers on very short lateral pedicels, rcflexed in frmt; 

 lobes of the corolla hairy outside above the middle. — Rich woods : common. — * 

 The var. montAnum is a dwarf, broad-leaved form, from mountain woods. 



9. G. lanceolatum, Torr. (Wild Liquorice.) Leaves (except the 

 lowest) lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering to the apex (2' long) ; corolla glabrous: ' 

 otherwise like the last. — Woodlands : common northward. 



10. G. latifolium, Michx. Smooth (l°-2° high); leaves lanceolate of 

 ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved below ; tbe midrib and margins rough ; cymes 

 panicled, loosely many-flowered, the purple flowers all on slender spreading pedi- 

 cels ; fruit smooth. — Dry Avoods, Mercersberg, Penn. (Prof. Porter), Maryland,, 

 and southward in the Alleghanies. (Also Arkansas, Engelmann.) 



***** Perennial, erect : leaves 4 or 8 in a whorl ; flowers very numerous and 

 crowded in a narrow and compact terminal panicle, white or yellow. 



11. G. boreale, L. (Northern Bedstraw.) Smooth (1° -2° high); 

 leaves in fours, Urn ar -lanceolate, 3-nerved ; flowers white ; fruit minutely bristly, some- 

 times smooth. — Rocky banks of streams : common, especially northward. (Eu.) 



12. G. verum, L. (Yellow Bedstraw.) Leaves in eights (or some in 

 sixes), linear, grooved above, roughish deflexed; flowers yellow ; fruit smooth. ^- 

 Dry fields, E. Massachusetts. (Adv. from Eu.) 



2. SPERMACOCE, L. Button-weed. 



Calyx-tube short; the limb parted into 4 teeth. Corolla funnel-form or 

 salver-form ; the lobes valvate in the bud. Stamens 4. Stigma or style 2-cleft. 

 Fruit small and dry, 2-celled, 2-seeded, splitting when ripe into 2 carpels, one 

 of them usually carrying with it the partition, and therefore closed, the other 

 open on the inner face. — Small herbs, the bases of the leaves or petioles con- 

 nected by a bristle-bearing stipular membrane. Flowers smalt, crowded into 

 sessile axillary whorled clusters or heads. Corolla whitish. (Name compounded 

 of a-7repfia, seed, and aKuxr], a point, probably from the pointed calyx-teeth on 

 the fruit.) 



1. S. glabra, Michx. Glabrous perennial ; stems spreading (9' - 20' long) ; 

 leaves oblong-lanceolate ; whorled heads many-flowered ; corolla little exceeding 

 the calyx, bearded in the throat, bearing the anthers at its base ; filaments and 

 style hardly any. — River-banks, S. Ohio, Illinois, and southward Aug. 



3. DIODIA, L. Button-weed. 



Calyx-teeth 2-5, often unequal. Fruit 2-. (rarely 3-) celled; the crustaceous 

 carpels into which it splits all closed and indehiscent. Otherwise resembling 

 Spermacoce. Flowering all summer. ( Name from diodos, a thoroughfare ; the 

 species often growing by the wayside. ) 



1. D. Virginica, L. Smooth or hairy perennial ; stems spreading (1°- 

 2° long) ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile ; flowers 1 - 3 in each 

 axil; corolla white (^' long), the slender tube abruptly expanded into the large 

 limb; style 2-parted; fruit oblong, strongly furrowed, crowned mostly with 2 slender 

 calyx-teeth. — River-banks, Maryland, and southward. Also naturalized near 

 Philadelphia, C. F. Parker. 



