218 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



Subtribe 1. Eupaforiere. Flowers all perfect and tubular, never truly yellow. 



# Pappus a row of hard scales. 



3. Sclerolepls. Head many-flowered. Scales of the involucre equal. Leaves whorled. 



* * Pappus of slender bristles. 



4. Liatris. Achenia many-ribbed. Bristles of the pappus plumose or barbellate. Corollas 



red-purple, strongly 5-lobed. 



5. Kuhnift. Achenia many-ribbed. Bristles of the pappus very strongly plumose. Corol- 



las whitish, 5-toothed. 



6. Eupatoriiim. Achenia 5-angled. Bristles of the pappus roughish. Scales of the 



involucre many or several. Receptacle of the 5 - many flowers flat or barely convex. 



7. Mikania. Achenia and pappus as No. 6. Scales of the involucre and flowers only 4. 



8. Couoclininm. Achenia, pappus, &c. as No. 6. Receptacle conical. 



Subtrifoe 2. Tussilaginese. Flowers (sometimes yellow, more or less monoecious or 

 dioecious) of 2 sorts iu the same head. 



# Outer flowers of each (many-flowered) head pistillate and ligulate. Scape leafless. 



9. Nardosmia. Heads corymbed. Flowers somewhat dioecious. Pappus capillary. 



20. Tussilago. Head single ; the outer pistillate flowers in many rows. Pappus capillary. 



# * Flowers all tubular. Stem leafy. 



11. Adenocaulon. Head few-flowered ; the outer flowers pistillate. Pappus none. 



Tribe III. ASTEROIDEiE. Heads discoid, with the flowers all alike and tubular ; 

 or else radiate, the outer ones ligulate and pistillate. Branches of the style in the perfect 

 flowers flat, smooth up to where the conspicuous marginal stigmatic lines abruptly termi- 

 nate, and prolonged above this into a flattened lance-shaped or triangular appendage which 

 is evenly hairy or pubescent outside. — Leaves alternate. Receptacle naked (destitute of 

 chaff) in all our species. 



Subtribe 1. Asterinese. Flowers of the head all alike and perfect, or the marginal 

 ones ligulate and pistillate. Anthers without tails at the base. 



* Ray-flowers white, blue, or purple, never yellow. 

 +- Pappus of numerous long and capillary bristles: receptacle flat. 



12. Sericocarpus. Heads 12 -15 flowered : rays 4 or 5. Involucre oblong or club-shaped, 



imbricated, cartilaginous. Ac lenia short, narrowed downwards, silky. 



13. Aster. Heads many-flowered. Involucre loosely or closely imbricated. Achenia flattish. 



Pappus simple, copious. 



14. Erigeron. Heads many-flowered. Involucre of narrow scales, little imbricated. 



Achenia flattened Pappus simple and rather scanty, or with some outer minute scales. 



15. Diplopappus. Heads many-flowered. Involucre imbricated. Pappus double; the 



outer obscure, of minute still bristles, 

 ■i- -i- Pappus of very short rigid bristles, or none : receptacle conical or hemispherical. 



16. Boltonia. Achenia flat and wing-margined. Pappus very short. 



17. Bellis. Achenia marginless. Pappus none. Receptacle conical. 



* # Ray-flowers yellow (in one species of Solidago whitish), or sometimes none at all. 



18. Bracliyclipeta. Heads 8 -10-flowered, clustered: rays 4 or 5. Pappus a row of mi- 



nute bristles shorter than the achenium. 



19. Solidago. Heads few - many-flowered : rays 1 - 16. Pappus simple, of numerous slen. 



der and equal capillary bristles. 

 SO. Bigelovia. Heads 3 - 4-flowered : rays none. Receptacle awl-shaped. Pappus simple, 

 a single row of capillary bristles. 



21. Clirysopsis. Heads many -flowered : rays numerous. Pappus double; the outer of 



very small chaffy bristles, much shorter than the inner of copious capillary bristles. 



Subtribe 2. Inulese. Anthers with tails at their base : otherwise as Subtribe 1. 



22. Inula. Heads many-flowered. Rays many. Pappus capillary and copious. 



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