252 COMPOSITE. (composite family.) 



1. X. stlMimarium, L. (Common Cocklebuk.) Rough; stems unarmed; 

 leaves d dated-triangular and more or less heart-shaped, on long petioles, toothed and 

 cut or obscurely lobed; fruit oval or oblong (^'-§' long), pubescent on the 

 lower part of and between the hooked prickles, and with two strong and usually 

 straight beaks at the summit. — Barn-yards, &c. (Nat. from Eu.) — Varies into 

 forms with more spotted stems, and often larger fruit (§'- 1' long), which is 

 either glabrous, glandular, or glandular-hairy, the prickles longer and the beaks 

 often incurved. (X. Canadense, Mill., &c.) — River-banks, &c, common west 

 ward; apparently indigenous. And this passes into 



Var. echinatum. (X. echinatum, Murr., &c.) Fruit turgid (1' long), 

 thickly clothed with long prickles, glandular-hispid, the beaks commonly in- 

 curved. — Sandy sea-shore, and along the Great Lakes and rivers. Perhaps 

 an immigrant from farther south. Now widely scattered over the warmer parts 

 of the world. 



2. X. spinosum, L. (Spixt Clotbur.) Hoary-pubescent ; stems slender, 

 with slender yellow 3-/>urted sjjines at the base of the lanceolate or ovate-lanctolate 

 leaves ; these taper into a short petiole, are white-downy beneath, often 2 - 

 3-lobed or cut; fruit (£' long) pointed with a single short beak. — Waste places 

 on the sea-board and along rivers, southward. (Nat. from Trop. Amer. ?) 



32. TETRAGONOTHECA, Dill. Tetragonotheca. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays 6-9, fertile. Involucre double ; the 

 outer of 4 large and leafy ovate scales, which are united below by their margins 

 into a 4-angled or winged cup; the inner of as many small and chaffy scales as 

 there are ray-flowers, and partly clasping their achenia. Receptacle convex or 

 conical, with narrow and membranaceous chaff between the flowers. Achenia 

 roundish and obovoid, flat at the top. Pappus none. — An erect perennial herb, 

 viscidly hairy when young, with opposite and coarsely toothed oval or oblong 

 leaves, their sessile bases sometimes connate, and large single heads of pale yel- 

 low flowers, on terminal peduncles. (Name compounded of rerpdycoi/os, four- 

 angled, and 6r]K7], a case, from the shape of the involucre.) 



1. T. helianthoid.es, L. — Sandy soil, Virginia and southward. June- 



33. ECLIPTA, L. Eclipta. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays short, fertile ; the disk-flowers perfect. 

 4-toothed. Scales of the involucre 10- 12, in 2 rows, leaf-like, ovate-lanceolate 

 Receptacle flat, with almost bristle-form chaff between the flowers. Achenia 

 short, 3-4-sided, or in the disk laterally flattened, roughened on the sides, hairy 

 at the summit; the pappus none, or an obscure denticulate crown. — Annual 

 or biennial rough herbs, with slender stems and opposite lanceolate or oblong 

 leaves. Heads solitary, small. Flowers whitish : anthers brown. (Name from 

 eKkeina), to be deficient, alluding to the absence of pappus.) 



1. E. procumbens, Michx. Rough with close appressed hairs; stems 

 procumbent, creeping, or ascending ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at each end, 

 sessile, slightly serrate ; peduncles many times longer than the head. — Var. 

 brachypOda has the peduncles not more than twice the length o*' the heads. — 



