COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 275 



I. O. acAnthium, L. Stem (2° -4° high) and leaves cotton-woolly ; scales 

 linear-awl-shaped. — Roadsides and waste places: rather rare. July -Sept. 

 (Adv. from Eu.) 



70. LAPPA, Tourn. Burdock. 



Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and similar. Involucre globular ; 

 the imbricated scales coriaceous and appressed at the base, tipped with an abrupt 

 and spreading awl-shaped hook-pointed appendage. Receptacle bristly. Ache- 

 nia oblong, flattened, wrinkled transversely. Pappus short, of numerous rough 

 bristles, not united at the base, deciduous. — Coarse biennial weed, with large 

 unarmed and petioled leaves, and small solitary or clustered heads : flowers 

 purple, rarely white. (Name from Aa/Seii/, to lay hold, the involucre forming a 

 hooked bur which holds tenaciously to the dress, or the fleece of animals.) 



1. L. officinalis, Allioni. — Waste places and around dwellings, in ma- 

 nured soil. — The var. major (Common Burdock) has the involucre smoothish ; 

 leaves loosely whitish-cottony beneath or becoming smooth, the upper ovate, 

 lower heart-shaped. — Var. toment6sa has the involucre cottony, and is rare. 

 — Var. minor has smaller heads with smooth involucre, and smaller smoothish 

 leaves, often tapering at the base ; occasionally cut-toothed or laciniate-lobed. 

 (Uxbridge, Mass., Dr. Bobbins.) July -Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 



Suborder II. IilGUIilFLdRJX:. (Cichorace^.) 



71. LAMPSAKA, Tourn. Nipple-wort. 



Heads 8- 12-flowered. Scales of the cylindrical involucre 8, erect, in one 

 row. Receptacle naked. Achenia oblong. Pappus none. — Slender branch- 

 ing annuals, with angled or toothed leaves, and loosely panicled small heads : 

 flowers yellow. (The Aa/u\|mi/r/ of Dioscorides was evidently a wild Mustard.) 



1. L. communis, L. Nearly smooth ; lower leaves ovate, sometimes lyre- 

 shaped. — Roadsides, near Boston, Buffalo, &c. (Adv. from Eu.) 



72. CICHOEIUM, Tourn. Succory or Ciciiory. 



Heads several-flowered. Involucre double ; the outer of 5 short spreading 

 scales, the inner of 8-10 scales. Achenia striate. Pappus of numerous small 

 chaffy scales, forming a short crown. — Branching perennials, with deep roots ; 

 the sessile heads 2 or 3 together, axillary and terminal. Flowers bright blue or 

 varying to purple, showy. (Altered from the Arabian name of the plant.) 



1. C. Intybus, L. Stem-leaves oblong or lanceolate, partly clasping, the 

 lowest runcinate, those of the rigid flowering branches minute. — Roadsides .• 

 common near the coast, especially in E. Mass. July -Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 



73. KRIGIA, Schreber. Dwarf Dandelion. 



Heads 1 5 - 20-flowered. Scales of the involucre several, in about 2 rows. 

 Achenia top-shaped, many-striate or angled. Pappus double ; the outer of 5 



