448 JUGLANDACE^E. (WALNUT FAMILY.) 



and the petioles minutely downy ; fruit spherical, roughly dotted, the nut corrugated, 

 4-celled at top and bottom. — Rich woods ; rare in the Eastern, very common 

 in the Western States. May: the fruit ripe in Oct. — A large and handsome 

 tree, with brown bark, and valuable purplish-brown wood turning blackish 

 with age. Seed less oily than the butternut, more so than in the European 

 Walnut (J. regia). 



2. CARYA, Nutt. Hickory. 



Sterile flowers in slender lateral and clustered catkins : calyx naked, adherent 

 to the bract, unequally 2-3-parted. Stamens 3-10: filaments short or none, 

 free. Fertile flowers 2-5 in a cluster or short spike, on a peduncle terminating 

 the shoot of the season : calyx 4-toothed : petals none. Stigmas sessile, 2 or 4, 

 large, papillose, persistent. Fruit with a 4-valved, firm and at length dry 

 exocarp, falling away from the smooth and crustaceous or bony endocarp or 

 nut-shell, which is incompletely 2-celled, and at the base mostly 4-celled. — Fine 

 timber-trees, with hard and very tough wood, and scaly buds, from which in 

 spring are put forth usually both kinds of flowers, the sterile below and the fer- 

 tile above the leaves. Nuts ripen and fall in October. (Kapva, an ancient 

 name of the Walnut.) 



§ 1. Sterile catkins fascicled (no common peduncle or sometimes a very short one) from 

 separate lateral scaly buds near the summit of shoots of the preceding year ; bud- 

 scales few: fruit elongated-oblong : the thin-shelled nut 2-celled below : seed sweet: 

 leaflets short-stalked, numerous. 



1. C. olivseformis, Nutt. (Pecan-nut.) Minutely downy, becoming 

 nearly smooth ; leaflets 13-15, oblong-lanceolate, tapering gradually to a slen- 

 der point, falcate, serrate ; nut olive-shaped. — River bottoms, from Illinois 

 southward. — A large tree; its delicious nuts well-known. 



§ 2. Sterile calkins in threes (or rarely more) on a common peduncle from the axil of 

 the inner scales of the common bud, therefore at the base of the shoot of tlie 

 season, which, then bearing 3 or 4 leaves, is terminated by the fertile flowers : 

 fruit globular or oval : nut 4-celled at base : leaflets sessile or nearly so. 



* Bud-scales numerous, about 10, successively enwrapping ; the inner ones accrescent, 

 becoming thin and membranaceous and rather tardily deciduous: husk of the fruit 

 splitting promptly into 4 thick (but variable in this respect) and when dry hard 

 or woody valves : seed sweet and delicious. ( The hickory nuts of the market.) 



2. G. alba, Nutt. (Shell-bark or Shag-bark Hickory.) Bark of 

 trunk shaggy, exfoliating in rough strips or plates ; inner bud-scales becoming 

 large and conspicuous, persistent till the flowers are fully developed ; leaflets 5, 

 when young minutely downy beneath, finely serrate, the three upper obovate- 

 lanceolate, the lower pair much smaller and oblong-lanceolate, all taper-pointed ; 

 fruit globular or depressed; nut white, flattish-globular, barely mucronate, the 

 shell thinnish. — Large and handsome tree, furnishing most valuable wood and 

 the principal hickory nuts of the market. 



3. C. microearpa, Nutt. (Small-fruited Hickory.) Nut as in the 

 preceding, but smaller (7" -9" long), and the husk much thinner; while the 

 foliage resembles that of No. 6 ; the leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate glandular under' 



