CUPULIFER^E. (OAK FAMILY.) 453 



11. Q. nigra, L. (Black-Jack or Barren Oak.) Leaves broadly wedge- 

 shaped, but sometimes rounded or obscurely cordate at the base, widely dilated 

 and somewhat 3-lobed (rarely 5-lobed) at the summit, occasionally Avith one or 

 two lateral conspicuously bristle-tipped lobes or teeth, rusty-pubescent beneath, 

 shining above, large (4' -9' long); cup top-shaped, coarse-scaly; acorn short- 

 ovoid. (Q. ferruginea, Michx.) — Dry sandy barrens, New York to Illinois, and 

 southward. — Tree 8° - 25° high. 



•*-+--)- Anomalous or occasional, probably some or all of them hybrid forms, derived 

 wholly or in part from the foreyo'uuj species. 



Q. tridentata, Engelm., arranged by DC. as a var. of Q. nigra, is 

 just intermediate between it and Q. imbricaria. — Near St. Louis, Engelmann. 



Q. quinqueloba, Engelm., is intermediate between, and probably de- 

 rived from Q. nigra, and Q. coccinea, var. tinctoria. — St. Louis, Enyelmann. 



Q. Leana, Nutt. (Lea's Oak), by its characters and by the foliage of 

 the second generation, communicated by Mr. David Christy, is pretty clearly a 

 hybrid between Q. imbricaria and Q. coccinea, var. tinctoria. — S. Ohio and 

 Illinois : two or three trees known. 



Q. hetkrophylla, Michx. (Bartram's Oak), lately rediscovered in 

 Delaware and New Jersey, by T. Meekan, C. E. Smith, &c. — has laciniate leaves 

 like those of vigorous young shoots of Q. aquatica, to which De Candolle refers 

 it as a variety. It is as likely to be a state of Q. Phellos, with dilated and 

 toothed or cut leaves. 

 * * Black and Bed Oaks. Leaves pinnatifid or lobed, and slender-petioled, not 



coriaceous, the tips of the lobes or teeth conspicuously bristle-pointed. 



■*- Mature leaves soft-downy beneath : cup saucer-shaped with a somewhat top-shaped 



base, about half the length of the fully developed small acorn. 



12. Q. ilieifoiia, Wang. (Bear or Black Scrub-Oak.) Dwarf (3° - 

 8° high), straggling ; leaves obovate, wedge-shaped at base, angularly about 5- (3 - 7-) 

 lobed, white-downy beneath ; acorn ovoid, globular, 5" - 6" long. — Sandy barrens 

 and rocky hills, New England to Ohio and Kentucky. (Q. Banisteri, Michx.) — 

 Leaves 2' -4' long, thickish, with short and triangular spreading lobes. 



13. Q. falcata, Michx. (Spanish Oak.) Leaves grayish-downy or fulvous 

 underneath, obtuse or rounded at the base, 3 - 5-lobed above ; the lobes prolonged, 

 mostly narrow and more or less scythe-shaped, especially the terminal one, entire oi 

 sparingly cut-toothed; acorn globose, 4" -5" long. — Dry or sandy soil, New 

 Jersey to Illinois and southward. — A small or large tree, extremely variable in 

 foliage ; bark excellent for tanning. ( Q. triloba, Michx., seems to be a confu- 

 sion of this and Q. nigra.) 



*- •*- Mature leaves glabrous on both sides or nearly so ; oval, oblong or someivhat obo- 

 vate in outline, all except some of No. 14 varying from moderate/ y sinuate-pin- 

 natifid to deeply pinnatifid, turning various shades of red or crimson in late 

 autumn : large trees ; the wood reddish, coarse-grained. {Apparently these species 

 all naturally intercross.) 



14. Q. coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.) Cup top-shaped, or hemispher- 

 ical with a conical scaly base (7" -9" broad), coarsely scaly, covering half or more 

 of the broadly or globular-ovoid acorn. — Leaves in the ordinary forms, at least ou 



