462 SALTCACE^E. (WILLOW FAMILY.) 



mas short. — Trees or shrubs, generally growing along streams, with terete and 



lithe branches. Leaves mostly long and pointed, entire or glandularly toothed. 



Buds covered by a single scale, with an inner adherent membrane (separating 



in § 2). Catkins appearing before or with the leaves. (The classical name, 



said to be derived from the Celtic sal, near, and lis, water.) 



§ 1. Catkins lateral and sessile, appearing before the leaves in April or May .• stamens 



2 : scales dark red or brown becoming black, more or less hairy, persistent. 



* Ovary stalked, downy, hairy, or woolly. 



-*- Catkins ovoid or cylindrical: leaves entire or obscurely wavy-toothed, hairy or woolly 



ivith prominent veins and more or less revolute margins. Shrubs. 



1. S. Candida, Willd. (Hoary Willow.) Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 

 taper-pointed, or the lowest obtuse, the upper surface and young branches covered 

 with a thin web-like wool more white and dense beneath ; stipule* small, lanceolate, 

 toothed, about the length of the petioles ; catkins cylindrical, closely flowered ; the 

 fertile 1^-2'long at maturity; ovary densely woolly; style distinct; stigmas 

 2 -cleft ; scales oblong, obtuse (S. incana, Michx., not of Schrank.) — New 

 York and New Jersey to Wisconsin and northward ; in bogs. — Stems 2° - 5° 

 high : reddish twigs smooth and shining at maturity. The whole shrub very 

 white in exposed situations, greener in shade. 



2. S. triStis, Ait. (Dwarf Gray W.) Leaves almost sessile, wedge-lanceo- 

 late, pointed, or the lower obtuse, grayish-woolly on both sides, the upper side 

 becoming nearly smooth at maturity ; stipules minute, hairy, very early deciduous ; 

 catkins small and very short, globular when young, loosely flowered ; ovary ivith a long 

 tapering beak, clothed with silvery hairs; style short; stigmas 2-lobcd. — Bogs: 

 common. — Shrub 1°-1^° high, much branched: leaves thick, 1^' long. Stip- 

 ules seldom seen, often reduced to a mere gland. — Var. microphylla has very 

 small and risid contorted leaves. 



3. S. h&milis, Marshall. (Prairie W.) Leaves petioled, lanceolate or 

 obovate-lanecolate, acute or obtuse with an abrupt point, slightly downy above, 

 more thickly so or sometimes grayish-woolly beneath; stipules small, semi-ovate 

 and entire, or larger and lunate with 2 -4 teeth, shorter than the petioles ; catkins 

 ovoid or oblong, small, often recurved ; ovary hairy ; style distinct ; stigmas 2- 

 cleft. (S. Muhlenbergiana, Barratt. S. comfera, Muhl.) — Dry plains and bar- 

 rens : common. — Shrub 3° - 8° high, varying much ; the small forms some- 

 times scarcely distinguishable from No. 2 ; but leaves longer, thinner, and 

 generally stipulate : the larger forms, with leaves 3' -5' long and %' - V broad, 

 resemble those of the next species, but retain more or less down beneath at 

 maturity. — The species of this and the following section often bear cones on 

 the ends of the branches, formed of closely imbricated leaves, probably occa- 

 sioned by the puncture of insects. 



■«- +- Catkins cylindrical, large, clothed with very long glossy hairs : leaves more or 

 less serrate, smooth and shining above, glaucous beneath and at length smooth. 

 Shrubs or small trees. 



4. S. discolor, Muhl. (Glaucous W.) Leaves lanceolate, ovate-lanceo- 

 late, or oblong, acute, irregularly toothed on the sides , entire at the base and 

 apex; stipules lunate, toothed; catkins erect; scales very hairy, oblancedate ; 



