LILIACE^E. (LILY FAMILY.) 527 



dbcordately 3-lobed, loculicidally 3-valved ; the valves divergently 2-lobed. 

 Seeds many in each cell, linear, with a tapering appendage at both ends. — A 

 smooth perennial, with many oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate evergreen flat 

 leaves, from a tuberous rootsiock, producing in early spring a hollow naked 

 scape (l°-2° high;, sheathed with broad bracts at the base, and terminated by 

 a simple and short dense raceme. Bracts obsolete : pedicels shorter than the 

 flowers. (Name probably from eXos, a swamp, the place of growth.) 



1. H. bullata, L. (H. latifolia, Michx.) — Wet places, New Jersey and 

 Pennsylvania to Virginia : rare and local. 



10. CHAM^LIRIUM, Willd Devil's-Bit. 



Flowers dioecious. Perianth of 6 spatulate-linear (white) spreading sepals, 

 withering-persistent. Filaments and (white) anthers as in Helonias : fertile 

 flowers with rudimentary stamens. Styles linear-club-shaped, stigmatic along 

 the inner side. Pod ovoid-oblong, not lobed, of a thin texture, loculicidally 

 3-valved from the apex, many-seeded. Seeds linear-oblong, winged at each 

 end. — Smooth herb, with a wand-like stem from a (bitter) thick and abrupt 

 tuberous rootstock, terminated by a long wand-like spiked raceme (4' -9' long) 

 of small bractless flowers ; fertile plant more leafy than the staminate. Leaves 

 flat, lanceolate, the lowest spatulate, tapering into a petiole. (Name formed of 

 %ap.ai, on the ground, and Xelpiov, lily ; of no obvious application.) 



1. C. luteum. (Blazing-Star.) (C. Carolinianum, Willd. Veratrum 

 luteum, L. Helonias lutea, Ait. H. dioica, Pursh.) — Low grounds, W. New 

 England to Illinois and southward. June. 



11. TOFIELDIA, Hudson. False Asphodel. 



Flowers perfect, usually with a little 3-bracted involucre underneath. Peri- 

 anth more or less spreading; the sepals (white or greenish) concave, oblong or 

 obovate, without claws. Filaments awl-shaped : anthers short, innate or some- 

 what introrse, 2-celled. Styles awl-shaped : stigmas terminal. Pod 3-angular, 

 3-partible or septicidal ; cells many-seeded. Seeds oblong. — Slender perennials, 

 mostly tufted, with fibrous roots, and simple stems leafy only at the base, bear- 

 ing small flowers in a close raceme or spike. Leaves 2-ranked, equitant, linear, 

 grass-like. (Named for Mr. Tofield, an English botanist of the last century.) 

 § 1 . Flowers in a simple spike-like raceme or head : anthers introrse : seeds not 

 appendaged : plant smooth and glabrous. 



1. T. palustris, Hudson. Scape leafless or nearly so (3' -6' high), slen- 

 der, bearing a globular or oblong head or short raceme of whitish flowers ; 

 leaves tufted, l'long. — IsleEoyale, &c, Lake Superior, and northward. (Eu.) 

 § 2. Flowers racemose, but developing from above doionwards : short pedicels in threes 



from a little involucre of as many bracts : anthers innate : seeds tail-pointed at 

 both ends (as in many species of Juncus.) 



2. T. glutindsa, Willd. Stem (6' -16' high) and pedicels very glutinous 

 with dark glands ; leaves broadly linear, short. — Moist grounds, Maine, Michi- 

 gan, Wisconsin, and northward : also southward in the Alleghanies. June. 



