LILIACE^E. (LILY FAMILY.) 533 



1. E. Amerieanum, Smith. (Yellow Adder's-tongue.) Leaves 

 elliptical-lanceolate, pale green, mottled and commonly dotted with purplish 

 and whitish ; perianth light yellow, often spotted near the base ; style club-shaped ; 

 stigmas united into one. — Low copses: common. May. — Scape 6' -9' high: 

 flower 1' or more long. — E. bracteatum, Boott, from the Camel's Rump 

 Mountain, Vermont, is probably only an accidental state, with a bract, such as 

 the Western E. grandinorum often has. 



2. E. albiduin, Nutt. (White Dog's-tooth Violet.) Leaves ellip- 

 tical-lanceolate, less or not at all spotted, not dotted ; perianth bluish-white ; inner 

 divisions toothless ; style more slender except at the apex, bearing 3 spreading 

 stigmas. — Low thickets, New York (near Albany), and S. Penn. to Wisconsin 

 and Illinois. — At Lake Superior, Dr. Robbins finds a plant like this but yellow- 

 flowered, a transition towards E. granditlorum. 



22. ORNITHOGALUM, Tourn. Star-of-Bethlehem. 



Perianth of 6 colored (white) spreading 3- 7-nerved sepals. Filaments 6, 

 flattened-awl-shaped. Style 3-sided : stigma 3-angled. 1'od membranous, 

 roundish-angular; with few dark and roundish seeds in each cell, loculicidal. — 

 Scape and linear channelled leaves from a coated bulb. Flowers corymbed, 

 bracted. (An ancient whimsical name from opvis, a bird, and yaka, milk.) 



1. O. umbellatum, L. Flowers 5-8, on long and spreading pedicels; 

 sepals green in the middle on the outside. — Escaped from gardens into moist 

 meadows, eastward. June. (Nat. from Eu.) 



23. SC1LLA, L. Squill. 



Perianth of 6 colored (blue or purple) spreading sepals, mostly deciduous; 

 the 6 awl-shaped tilaments at their base. Style thread-like. Pod 3-angled, loc- 

 ulicidal, 3-valved, with several black roundish seeds in each cell. — Scape and 

 linear leaves from a coated bulb : the flowers in a simple raceme, mostly bracted. 

 ( The ancient name. ) 



1. S. Fraseri. (Eastern Quamash. Wild Hyacinth. ) Leaves long 

 and linear, keeled ; raceme elongated ; bracts solitary, longer than the pedicels ; 

 stigma minutely 3-cleft; pod triangular, several-seeded. (Phalangium esculen- 

 tum, Nutt. Scilla esculenta, Ker. Camassia Fraseri, Ton:) — Moist prairies 

 and river-banks, Ohio to Wisconsin and southwestward. May. — Bulb onion- 

 like, eaten by the Indians. Scape 1° high. Sepals widely spreading, pale 

 blue, 3-nerved, 6" long. 



24. ALLIUM, L. Onion. Garlic. 



Perianth of 6 entirely colored sepals, which are distinct, or united at the 

 very base, 1 -nerved, often becoming dry and scarious and more or less persistent : 

 the 6 filaments awl-shaped or dilated at their base. Style persistent, thread- 

 like : stigma simple. Pod lobed, loculicidal, 3-valved, with 1 or few ovoid- 

 kidney-shaped amphitropous or campylotropous black seeds in each cell. — 

 Strong-scented and pungent stemless herbs; the leaves and scape from a 



