CYPERACE^E. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 555 



17. C. Gr&yii, Torr. Culm thread-form, wiry (6' -12' high;-, leaves 

 almost bristle-shaped, channelled ; umbel simple, 4-6-rayed; spikes 5-10 in a loose 

 head, spreading ; joints of the axis winged; scales rather obtuse, greenish-chestnut- 

 color. — Barren sands, Plymouth, Mass., to New Jersey, near the coast. 



18. C, filictilmis, Vahl. Culm slender, wiry, often reclined (8'- 15' 

 high); leaves linear (l"-2" wide); spikes numerous and clustered in one sessile 

 dense head, or in 1-7 additional looser heads on spreading rays of an irregular 

 umbel; joints of the axis naked; scales blunt, greenish. (C. mariscoides, Ell.) — 

 Dry sterile soil : common, especially southward. 



§4. MAIifSCUS, Vahl. Style 3-clefi: the achenium triangular: stamens 3: 

 spikes 1 -few-fowered, narrow or awl-shaped, with 2 lower scales short and 

 empty, and inclined to persist on the common axis when the rest of the spike dis- 

 articulates and falls, crowded in dense heads : otherwise nearly as in the penul- 

 timate division of§3. ( Perennials with clustered small tubers at base of the culms, 

 as in the preceding division : spikes green, merely tawny with age. ) 



19. C. Lancastriensis, T. C. Porter, n. sp. Culm (l°-2° high) trian- 

 gular ; leaves rather broadly linear; umbel of 6 - 9 mostly elongated rays ; spikes 

 very numerous in short-oblong or globular dense heads, soon reflexed, 3-6- 

 fowered, linear-awl-shaped ; the joints of the axis broadly winged ; scales oblong, 

 obtuse, twice the length of the linear-oblong achenium. — Rich soil, banks of the 

 Susquehanna near Lancaster, Penn., Prof Porter. — Most like the Southern 

 C. Baldwinii, Torr.; but twice the size; the more numerous spikes 4" -5" long, 

 more linear, less pointed, on a setaceous-bracted axis of 6" or 7 r in length, 

 with longer scales and achenium, &c. 



20. C. OVUlaris, Torr. Culm sharply triangular (6'- 12' high); umbel 

 1 - 6-rayed ; spikes (50 - 100) in a globular very dense head, 2-4-fowered, oblong, 

 blunt (l^"-2" long); joints of the axis winged; scales ovate, obtuse, a little 

 longer than the obovate-oblong achenium. — Sandy dry soil, S. New York to 

 Illinois and southward. 



21. C. retrofraetus, Torr. Culm and leaves usually minutely downy 

 and rough on the obtusish angles (l°-3° high); umbel many-rayed; spikes 

 slender-awl-shaped, very numerous in obovate or oblong heads terminating the 

 elongated rays, soon reflexed, 1 -2-flowered in the middle (3" -5" long) ; scales 

 usually 4 or 5, the two lowest ovate and empty, the fertile lanceolate and pointed, 

 the uppermost involute-awl-shaped; achenium linear. (Scirpus retrofraetus, L.) 

 — Sandy fields, New Jersey to Virginia, and southward. 



2. KYLLINGIA, Rottboll. Kyllingia. (PI. 1.) 



Spikes of 3 or 4 two-ranked scales, 1 - 1 ^-flowered ; the 2 lower scales minute 

 and empty, as in Cyperus, § 4, but style oftener 2-cloft, and achenium lenticular : 

 the spikes densely aggregated in solitary or triple sessile heads. Involucre 

 3-leaved. (Named after Peter Kylling, a Danish botanist of the 17th century. ,, 



1. K. pumila, Michx. Head globular or 3-lobed, whitish-green (about 

 4" broad) ; spikes strictly 1-flowered; upper scales ovate, pointed, rough on the 

 keel ; stamens and styles 2 ; leaves linear. — Low grounds, Ohio to Illinois 

 and southward. Aug. — Culms 2' -9' high : root annual. 



