586 GYPERACE^E. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 



slender delicate species, 4' - 8' high, with long grassy leaves, and bracts exceed- 

 ing the culm. Sterile spike often with some fertile flowers at the apex. 

 •*- -t- Stigmas 3 : perigynium somewhat pointed and 3-sided. 

 ++ Staminate spike (or the cluster in No. 71) long-stalked. 



66. C. livida, Willd. Fertile spikes 1 - 2, rarely with a third near the base 

 of the culm, 10- 15-Jlowered ; perigynia ovoid-oblong, with faint pellucid nerves, 

 tipped with a straight obtuse point, rather longer than the ovate scale. (C. 

 limosa, var. livida, Wahl. C. Grayana, Dew.) — Peat- bogs and wet pine bar- 

 rens, New Jersey, Oneida Co., New York, and high northward. — Rarely with 

 a single (sterile) spike, or with an additional fertile one on an erect stalk 4'-9 ; 

 long, from the base of the culm. Plant very glaucous, the leaves rigid and 

 finely tapering. (Eu.) 



67. C. vaginata, Tausch. Sterile spike with its stalk commonly bent to a 

 right angle with the culm at flowering time, afterwards erect ; fertile 2 or 3, 

 remote, erect, slender-peduncled, loosely flowered ; bracts foliaceous, short, with 

 dilated sheaths ; perigynia short-ovate when mature and with a distinct terete 

 beak or beak-like oblique point, emarginate at the orifice, exceeding the ovate acute 

 scale; culm slender (l°-2° long), weak and reclining, naked, stolomferous ; the 

 long-creeping sterile shoots bearing tufts of flat green leaves (2" -3" wide) 

 almost equalling the fertile culms. (C. sparsiflora, Fries. C. phoeostachya, 

 Smith.) — Moist banks, Bergen swamp, Genesee Co., New York (J. A. Paine), 

 Lake Superior (Rabbins and Porter), and northward. (Eu.) 



68. C. panicea, L. Sterile spike always erect ; fertile 1-3, mostly 2, erect, 

 remote, oblong or short-cylindrical, rather loosely flowered, only the lower slen- 

 der-peduncled ; sheaths of the short foliaceous bracts shorter and narrower ; 

 perigynia turgid-ovate at maturity, obscurely nerved, tipped with a short bent 

 entire point (mostly straw-colored), longer than the ovate blunt scale. — Moist 

 grounds, Massachusetts to Delaware ( W. M. Ca.nby) : rare. (Eu.) 



69. C. Meadii, Dew. Differs from the last only in the denser fertile spikes, 

 the sterile one sometimes longer; and the perigynia more triangular, less turgid, 

 paler, less indistinctly nerved, the scales pointed; culms more rigid and rough- 

 ish : the more slender forms closely approach the next. ( C. panicea, chiefly of 

 former ed.) — Wet prairies, &c, Ohio to Illinois and Wisconsin. 



70. C. tetanioa, Schk. FeHile spikes 1-3, commonly 2, oblong-cylindrical, 

 loosely flowered, especially at the tapering base, remote ; perigynia when young 

 pointed at each end, at maturity obovoid, scarcely infutid, with a slightly bent point, 

 longer than the ovate obtuse and often abruptly tnucronate or awn-pointed scale. 

 (C. conoidea, Gray, Gram. 8? Cyp., not of Schk. C. Woodii, Dew.) — Margins 

 of lakes and rivers, W. Mass. to Penn., Michigan, and southward. 



71. C. Crawei, Dew. Sterile spikes often 1 or 2 small ones at the base 

 of the terminal, which is occasionally fertile at the apex ; fertile spikes 3-6, re- 

 mote, and the lowest near the root, oblong or cylindrical, densely flowered, and some- 

 times slightly compound at the base; their short peduncles included, or the 

 lowest exserted ; perigynia. oroid-oblong, obscurely nerved, with a very small straight 

 or slightly recurred point, longer than the ovate obtuse or acute or short-pointed 

 scale. (C. heterostaehva, Torr.) — Wet places, S. Herkimer and Jefferson 



