642 GRAMINE^E. (GRASS FAMILY). 



4. A. cartophyllea, L. Culms 5' - 10' high, bearing a very diffuse panicle 

 of purplish and at length silvery scarious spikelets. — Dry fields, Nantucket: also 

 Newcastle, Delaware, W. M. Canby. (Nat. from Eu.) 



§3. VAIiLODEA, Fries. Glumes boat-shaped, longer than the flowers : lower 

 palet almost coriaceous, nerveless, its truncate-obtuse tip mostly entire; the awn 

 borne at or above the middle: grain grooved, flattish, free : alpine perennial. 



5. A. atropurpiirea, Wahl. Culms 8'- 15' high, weak; leaves flat, 

 lather wide; panicle of few spreading branches; awn stout, twice the length of 

 the palet. — Alpine tops of the White Mountains, and those of Northern New 

 York. Aug. (Eu.) 



52. ARRHENATHER-UM, Beauv. Oat-Grass. (PI. 12.) 



Spikelets open-panicled, 2-flowered, with the rudiment of a third flower ; the 

 middle flower perfect, its lower palet barely bristle-pointed from near the tip; 

 the lowest flower staminate only, bearing a long bent awn below the middle of 

 the back (whence the name, from appqv, masculine, and ddr'jp, awn) : — other- 

 wise as in Avena, of which it is only a peculiar modification. 



1. A. avenaceum, Beauv. Root perennial; culm 2° -4° high: leaves 

 broad, flat; panicle elongated; glumes scarious, very unequal. (Avena elatior, 

 L.) — Meadows and lots: absurdly called Grass of the Andes. May -July. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



53. HOLCUS, L. (partly). Meadow Soft-Grass. (PL 13.) 



Spikelets crowded in an open panicle, 2-flowercd, jointed with the pedicels ; 

 the boat-shaped membranaceous glumes enclosing and much exceeding the re- 

 motish flowers. Lower flower perfect, its papery or thin-coriaceous lower palet 

 awnless and pointless ; the upper flower staminate, otherwise similar, but bear- 

 ing a stout bent awn below the apex. Stamens 3. Styles plumose to the base. 

 Grain free. (An ancient name, from 6\kos, attractive, of obscure application.) 



1. H. lanAtus, L. (Velvet-Grass.) Perennial, soft-downy and pale; 

 panicle oblong ; upper glume mucronatc-awned under the apex ; awn of the 

 staminate flower curved. — Moist meadows. June. (Nat. from Eu.) 



54. EIEROCHLOA, Gmelin. Holy Grass. (PL 13.) 



Spikelets 3-flowered, open-panicled ; the flowers all with 2 palets; the two 

 lower (lateral) flowers staminate only, 3-androus, sessile, often awned on the 

 middle of the back or near the tip ; the uppermost (middle) one pei-fect, short- 

 pedicclled, scarcely as long as the others, 2-androus, awnless. Glumes equalling 

 or exceeding the spikelet, scarious: palets chartaceous. — Perennials: leaves 

 flat. (Name composed of Upas, sacred, and ;\;Aoa, grass; these sweet-scented 

 Grasses being strewn before the church-doors on saints' days, in the North of 

 Europe.) 



1. E. borealis, Poem. & Schultes. (Vanilla or Seneca Grass.) Pan- 

 icle somewhat one-sided, pyramidal (_'- 5' long) ; peduncles smooth ; staminate 

 flowers with the lower palet mucronato or bristle-pointed at or near th® tip ; 



