Spruce, Engelmann— Continued 
leaf feeders— 
moth— 
Taniva albolineana, 475 
sawfly— 
yellow-headed spruce sawfly, 575 
sucking insects— 
Cooley spruce gall aphid, 109, 135 
pine leaf aphid, 109, 138 
Spruce, Norway— 
borer, bark and phloem— 
southern pine beetle, 316 
borer, twig and shoot— 
white-pine weevil, 282-284 
Sumac—Continued 
leaf feeders— 
beetles— 
Blepharida rhois, 277 
Attelabus spp., 292 
moths— 
Anacampsis rhoifructella, 459 
Episimus argutanus, 471 
hickory horned devil, 383, 384 
regal moth, 383, 384 
Salebria semiobscurella, 454 
sumac datana, 399 
sawfly— 
Arge coccinea, 549 
leaf feeders— Sumac, poison— 
moths— Arge humeralis, 549 
Epinotia nananda, 471 Sweetfern— 
FRecurvaria piceaella, 457 borer, bark and phloem— 
Taniva albolineana, 475 Agrilus lateralis, 191 
sawflies— leaf feeders— 
European spruce sawfiy, 559-562 
yellow-headed spruce sawfly, 575 
sucking insects— 
gall aphids— 
Chermes lariciatus, 109, 1 
eastern spruce gall apeid, "109, 134-135 
spittlebug— 
pine spittlebug, 121-123 
Spruce, red— 
borers, bark and phloem— 
Corticeus glaber, 218 
Cryphalus mainensis, 329 
rubentis, 329 
eastern spruce beetle, 318 
four-eyed spruce bark beetle, 218, 313-314 
Phthorophloeus piceae, 315 
Acrobasis comptoniella, 450 
Acronycta distans, 392 
impressa, 392 
chain-spotted geometer, 436 
cleft-headed spanworm, 432 
Cosymbia pendulinaria, 426 
Euchlaena effecta, 433 
Lagoa crispata, 444 
pepper and salt moth, 432 
Prochoerodes iransversata, 437 
spear-marked black moth, 428 
Sphinz gordius, 374 
Synchlora rubrifrontaria, 424 
Tetracis lorata, 437 
sucking insect— 
Saratoga spittlebug, 123 
Pityophthorus spp., 331-333 Sweetgale— 
southern pine beetle, 318 Melanolophia canadaria, 429 
spruce scolytus, 313 - ked black mot 
suppressed spruce bark beetle, 321 SL ma ame Bend. ogee 
Sweetgum (gum, red) 
borers, twig and shoot borers, bark and phloem 
Pityophthorus spp., 331-333 
white-pine weevil, 282-284 
leaf feeders— 
moths— 
Epinotia nanana, 471 
Recurvaria piceaella, 457 
spruce budworm, 480-482 
sawflies— 
European spruce sawfly, 559-562 
yellow-headed spruce sawfiy, 575 
sucking insects— 
pine leaf aphid, 109, 138 
woolly larch aphid, 109, 137 
Spruce, Sitka— 
Cooley spruce gall aphid, 109, 135 
pine leaf aphid, 109, 138 
Spruce, white— 
borers, bark and phloem— 
Cryphalus mainensis, 329 
eastern spruce beetle, 318 
Ips chagnoni, 335 
Phthorophloeus piceae, 315 
Pityophthorus shepardi, 332 
spruce scolytus, 313 
suppressed spruce bark beetle, 321 
borer, twig and shoot— 
white- -pine weevil, 282-284 
leaf feeders— 
moths— 
Epinotia nanana, 471 
Recurvaria piceaella, 457 
spruce budworm, 480-482 
sawflies— 
European spruce sawfly, 559-562 
yellow-headed spruce sawfly, 575 
sucking insects— 
Chermes lariciatus, 109, 137 
eastern spruce gall aphid, 109, 134-135 
Sumac— 
borers, bark and phloem— 
Pityophthorus spp., 331 
borer, root— 
sumac stem borer, 231, 232, 234, 249, 255 
borers, twig and stem— 
Pityophthorus spp., 331 
borers, wood— 
California prionus, 261-262 
Dicerca obscura, 195 
sumac stem borer, 231, 232, 234, 249, 255 
Dryocoetes betulae, 294, 336 
liquidambarus, 336 
Pityophthorus liquidambarus, 331 
borers, wood— 
ambrosia beetles, 337 
Corticeus thoracicus, 218 
Fornar badius, 186 
Isorhipis ruficornis, 186 
Lyctus spp., 227 
Melasis pectinicornis, 186 
Platypus compositus, 342 
Stroncylium tenuiolle, 218 
terminatum, 218 
Trichodesma gibbosa, 226 
Xyleborus spp., 218, 296, 300, 337, 349 
leaf feeders— 
forest tent caterpillar, 418 
luna moth, 378, 379 
Sycamore— 
borer, twig and shoot— 
Myrmer myrmez, 290 
borers, wood— 
beeties— 
Dirhagus pectinatus, 186 
flatheaded sycamore-heartwood borer, 193 
hardwood stump borer, 252 
Iphthimus sp., 218 
Lichenophanes bicornis, 226 
living beech borer, 248 
Orchesia castanea, 214 
Piilinus ruficornis, 226 
horntail— 
pigeon tremex, 588 
leaf feeders— 
Adozophyes furcatana, 476 
Datana contracta, 400 
Fentonia marthesia, 405 
puss caterpillar, 443 
sycamore tussock moth, 387 
Tetralopha militella, 447 
white-marked tussock moth, 406-407 
sucking insects— 
aphid— 
Longistigma caryae, 110, 112, 127 
lacebug— 
sycamore lacebug, 115 
scale— 
cottony maple scale, 144 
terrapin scale, 146 
27 
