5825; 5 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 498 



Washington, D. C. 



Issued June 1943 



MARKET DISEASES OF FRUITS AND 

 VEGETABLES: CITRUS AND OTHER 

 SUBTROPICAL FRUITS 1 



By Dean H. Rose, senior physiologist ; Charles Brooks, formerly principal 

 pathologist; C. O. Bratley, pathologist ; and J. R. Winston, senior horticul- 

 turist. Division of Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant 

 Industry, Agricultural Research Administration 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 2 



Citrus fruits 3 



Grapefruit 3 



Aging 3 



Anthracnose 3 



Black rot (alternaria rot) 4 



Blue mold and green mold rots 4 



Brown stain (scald) 4 



Citrus rust mite russeting 4 



Coloring-room injury 4 



Exanthema (ammoniation) 4 



Freezing injury 4 



Gumming 4 



Heat injury 5 



Melanose 5 



Oil spotting (oleocellosis) 5 



Pitting 5 



Purple scale 6 



Scab 7 



Sclerotium rot 7 



Septoria spot and stain 7 



Spray injury 7 



Stem-end rot 7 



Stylar-end rot 9 



Sunburn 9 



Tearstaining 10 



Watery break-down 10 



Lemons 10 



Albedo browning 10 



Alternaria rot 10 



Anthracnose— 11 



Black pit 11 



Blue mold and green mold rots 11 



Page 



Citrus fruits— Continued. 



Lemons — Continued. 



Brown rot 12 



Cottony rot 12 



Freezing injury 13 



Fumigation injury 13 



Gray mold rot 13 



Internal decline (endoxerosis) 13 



Membranous stain 14 



Oil spotting (oleocellosis) 14 



Peteca... 15 



Pitting 15 



Red blotch (adustiosis) 15 



Scab 16 



Septoria spot and stain 16 



Stem-end rot- 16 



Sour rot 16 



Spray injury 16 



Thrips injury 16 



Trichoderma rot 16 



Watery break-down 16 



Limes 16 



Anthracnose — 16 



Blue mold and green mold rots 17 



Freezing injury 17 



Oil spotting (oleocellosis) 17 



Rind break-down 17 



Stem-end rot . IS 



Stylar-end break-down 18 



Oranges IS 



Aging 18 



Anthracnose 19 



Black rot (alternaria rot) 19 



1 This publication is the eighth in a series designed to aid in the recognition and identi- 

 fication of pathological conditions of economic importance affecting fruits and vegetables 

 in the channels of marketing, to facilitate the market inspection of these food products, 

 and to prevent losses from such conditions. It is an extended revision and elaboration, 

 "with the addition of colored illustrations, of a preliminary (multigraphed) article, Hand- 

 book of Diseases of Fruits Under Market, Storage, and Transit Conditions, prepared in 

 1919 by Dean H. Rose and the late O. F. Burger for the use of the food-products inspectors 

 of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics and never distributed to the public. The material 

 for fruits is organized on the basis of the botanical families to which the plants belong, 

 but no botanical system is followed in arranging these families. Practical considerations 

 make it desirable to issue the material for the series in separate sections following some- 

 what in the order of the economic importance of the crops. The colored plates are repro- 

 duced from water-color paintings by the late L. C. C. Krieger, R. C. Steadman. Mary D. 

 Arnold, and J. Marion Shull, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, under the direction of 

 Dean H. Rose and D. F. Fisher, and from colored photographs prepared through the 

 collaboration of Webster Bros., Chicago, 111., under the direction of Dean H. Rose and 

 the late O. F. Burger. 



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