for proper management of their forests. Several of the South American 

 countries have established public management and supervision over their 

 forests. 



Consumption in foreign countries. — The difference in per capita use of timber 

 in European nations indicates that where forests are extensive the people 

 use much more timber than in those countries of small forest acreages 

 (table 6, pp. 44 and 45). By intensive management many European 

 countries have been able to offset to some extent a deficiency of forest acres 

 by increased production in existing forests. 



The supply in foreign countries. — Of the European exporting countries, Fin- 

 land exports more than 300 million cubic feet of timber each year (about 

 one-fourth of her total cut), and imports only about 1 million cubic feet of 

 the better grades of hardwoods for furniture and shipbuilding. Pulp and 

 paper, the making of which is one of her thriving industries, are among 

 Finland's exports. She has abundant water power, vast quantities of small 

 spruce timber suitable for making paper pulp, and cheap but very efficient 

 labor. Finland is called the country of swamps, but might better be called 

 the country of forests and lakes. Agricultural land forms only about one- 

 twelfth of the entire land area, but nearly half of the total land area 

 is actually productive forest land. 



The European part of the Soviet Union has a forest land area about 10 

 times that of Finland, yet Finland's softwood lumber exports in 1930 

 amounted to more than three-fourths those of the Soviet Union. In the 

 European part of the Soviet Union, wood is used in great quantities as fuel, 

 not only for the heating of houses even in such large cities as Moscow and 



FOREST OWNERSI 



COMMERCIAL LAND 



i 



NONCOMMERCIAL LAND 



ALL FOREST LAND 



PUBLIC. 

 MOSTLY 

 FEDERAL 



PRIVATE 



100 



200 



MILLION 



300 



400 



ACRES 



Figure 17. — How does it happen that the Federal and State Governments own such a small 

 part of the commercial forest land but such a large part of the noncommercial forest land? 



31 



