wood of the dead trees and stumps of these two southern species. In 

 camps deep in the piney woods, many thousand laborers extract the fra- 

 grant gum which is distilled to produce turpentine and rosin for world 

 commerce. 



The term "naval stores" goes back to the days when tar and pitch were 

 essential to the building and upkeep of wooden ships. The wooden ships 

 have been replaced by vessels of steel, with small need for tar or pitch, but 

 the old name "naval stores" still clings to these products. They are used 

 in the manufacture of paper, soap, varnish, printer's ink, paints, linoleum, 

 and other manufactured materials in daily use. 



Pulp and paper industry. — As the demand for lumber and certain other 

 forest products has declined, the amount of wood needed for other purposes 

 has increased. The most notable increase is in wood needed for making 

 paper. Eighty-five percent of our paper is made from wood. Nearly 5 

 million tons of wood pulp were produced in 1937. The industry is distrib- 

 uted in 37 States, and is located in forest regions not only to be near the 

 source of wood, but also because cheap power and an abundance of clear 

 water, requirements of paper making, are usually available. 



Changes in wood use. — At one time charcoal, wood alcohol, and acetic 

 acid manufacturing from wood was considerably more important than 

 today. The production, from wood or bark, of tannin for tanning leather 

 and making inks and various dyestuffs has been reduced by substitutes, 

 but forest tanning materials still are valued at about 10 million dollars 

 annually. Practically all tanning of sole leather is done with vegetable 

 tannin from wood, bark, and leaves. 



Manufacture of rayon and cellophane constitute two of the newer uses 

 of wood. Wood and cotton are used about equally as the raw materials 

 from which these products are made. Comparative prices usually deter- 

 mine which is used. 



Plastics, which are made by combining certain chemcials with sawdust 

 or wood flour, are gaining in use daily. Fountain pens, telephone parts, 

 radio and automobile trimmings, combs, and thousands of other articles 

 are being made of plastics. The plentiful supply and cheapness of wood 

 give it advantages over competing materials for plastics. 



Substitution not necessary. — Some believe we should use wood substitutes 

 and save the forests by decreasing the use of forest products. Such sub- 

 stitution is not necessary. Conservation is wise use. The greater the 

 demand for wood, the greater the number of trees planted and the fewer 

 wasted. Substitution tends to save the trees, to destroy the wood-using 

 industries, and to decrease employment of people dependent on the forest. 

 If our forest lands are properly managed, they are capable of producing an 

 adequate supply of wood. Forest products need outlets, and forests need 

 management, not hoarding. 



What Part Do Forests Play in Commerce? 



Domestic trade. — Locally, forest industries afford markets for farm crops. 

 Logging camps and mill towns require vegetables, fruits, meats, and dairy 

 and poultry products. Hay and grain are required where horses and mules are 

 used in logging. Farmers within trucking distance of a pulp mill or 

 woodenware factory may usually sell timber to advantage. Some factories 

 depend solely on such sources of supply. Forest industries also create a 

 market for equipment and other manufactured goods. 



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