12 MISC. PUBLICATION 417, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Remarks —In preparing the foregoing descriptions a series of over 
150 specimens from diverse localities were studied. In connection 
with the characterization of the female, the type of carbonarius was 
used along with other specimens, and a cotype of granosus, originally 
from Eickhoft’s collection, was used in preparing the male description. 
In connection with the descriptions a specimen identified by Eichhoff 
and presumably compared with Erichson’s type was also used. 
Specimens studied by the writer are from various species of pine, 
and came from Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts. 
Connecticut, New York, Michigan, Minnesota, Maryland, District of 
Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
Alabama, and Texas. The species also occurs sparingly in the eastern 
provinces of Canada. | 
The specimens studied show a rather remarkable range of varia- 
tion both in size and sculpture, and specimens showing the extremes, 
if considered alone, might well be placed as distinct species, as indeed 
they have been. Nearly every short series from Maine to Texas shows 
much of this variation. Specimens that agree excellently with 
Swaine’s description of scaber are present in series from Warrens- 
burg, N. Y., the Washington, D. C., area, North Carolina, and Call, 
Tex. However, other specimens, taken in the same burrows at the 
same time, agree with the average specimens of porculus or may 
even approach the structure of swaine?. 
The synonymy of porculus is rather complicated. In 1868 Leconte 
(Zimmermann, p. 149) suggested that H. carbonarius Fitch (1857) and 
Hylurgus scabripennis Zimm. (1868) are the same species and that 
both names are synonyms of H. porculus Er. (1836). Later, in 1876 
(p. 389), Leconte stated that Hylastes carbonarius Fitch, H. grano- 
sus Chap, (1869), and Hylurgus scabripennis Zimm. are definitely, 
and that Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff (1868) is doubtfully, synony- 
mous with H. porculus. 
To settle the question definitely Eichhoff and Schwarz (1896) col- 
laborated by an exchange of specimens to establish the identity of a 
number of American scolytid species described by Erichson, Chapuis, 
and Eichhoff in Europe and by Fitch, Zimmermann, and Leconte in 
America. Their decision is that carbonarius Fitch, cavernosus Zimm., 
and granosus Chap. are synonyms of porculus Er., and that salebro- 
sus Eichh. and scabripennis Zimm. are synonymous but are distinct 
from porculus Er. 
This synonymy has been generally accepted by later authorities, 
and the present writer confirms it after a careful study of the type of 
carbonarius, a cotype of granosus, and a specimen compared with the 
type of porculus by Eichhoft. 
Hylastes scaber Swaine (1917) should also be added to the synon- 
ymy of porculus, as has been, pointed out by Eggers (1934). JZ. 
swainei Eggers is also almost certainly another variation of porcu- 
lus, representing the opposite extreme from scaber. Although the 
writer has not seen type material, he has studied 10 specimens from 
Lake Itasca, Minn., one of the type localities, of which several speci- 
mens show the swaine? characters while the rest are either of the 
typical porculus sculpture or intermediates. Furthermore, speci- 
mens from Vermont (Brattleboro), Massachusetts (Petersham), and 
West Virginia (several localities) show the swadnez structure, but in 
